Uso de geotecnologias na seleção de áreas propícias para implantação de aterro sanitário em Lavras - MG

Abstract

With the growth of solid waste generation, the issue of urban waste has become an environmental challenge that requires attention and the search for viable solutions. With the prohibition of landfills and controlled landfills, sanitary landfills have become the most used final destination due to their advantages, such as the retention of greenhouse gas emissions, the possibility of energy recovery from the biogas, the retention and forwarding of leachate for treatment, the possibility of selling carbon credits and the reduction of public health risks. The sanitary landfill also has disadvantages, such as the high investment value for implementation and the need for large spaces that meet the technical standards and legislation, which are increasingly difficult to dispose of. The use of geotechnologies in environmental licensing processes allows a reduction in these costs and greater agility in the process. Through the collection, processing and analysis of data with geographic references, it is possible to study the space and its environmental aspects, and thus, geotechnology can be an ally in the planning and territorial management of various types of enterprises, among them, the landfill. This work aims to use geoprocessing tools to identify areas suitable for the construction of landfills in the city of Lavras -MG. To calculate the minimum area required by the enterprise, the estimates of number of inhabitants and solid waste generation over the years of operation of the landfill were made using census data from IBGE and data on generation of municipal solid waste. In the QGIS software, a database was assembled with satellite images and vectorial layers generated by public agencies, and the restrictions of the municipal areas to the desired use were verified according to the DN COPAM 118/2008, the CONAMA Resolution 04/1995 and the NBR 13986. To identify the regions suitable for landfill implementation, the study area was superimposed with all restrictive layers and the subtraction of the localities without restriction by the variables analyzed. The results allowed the verification of potential areas for the implementation of the enterprise. Despite the limited availability of areas that meet all the criteria evaluated, the methodology proved to be efficient, reducing the complexity of selecting areas for the construction of landfills and other types of enterprises.