Arquitetura genética da estatura de planta em germoplasma elite de trigo

Abstract

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the most consumed cereals in human food. In Brazil, wheat is cultivated from the South Region to the Central Region, in the Cerrado. The genetic improvement of wheat began in Brazil in 1919, since then, several agronomic characteristics have been improved. One such characteristic is short stature, which is sought after in modern wheat breeding programs around the world. Currently, 27 genes and alleles of Rht (Reduced height) are described, called dwarfism genes, responsible for reducing the size of wheat plants. The objective of this work was to study the behavior of wheat height in a panel of elite genotypes in different environments (RS, PR and Cerrado), in addition to trying to identify the genomic regions associated with wheat height and illustrating the genetic architecture of this trait to thus to be able to determine if the associated genomic regions are co-localized with the Rht genes reported in the literature. Aiming to study the phenotypic characteristic of plant height, a panel with 252 wheat genotypes was implanted in five different environments in Brazil (three places in Rio Grande do Sul, two places in Paraná and one place in Goiás). From obtaining phenotypic data (assessment of plant height) and genotypic data (using the GBS technique - “Genotyping by sequencing”), genomic association analyzes were carried out, using analysis by location and joint analysis. The behavior of plant height in wheat showed greater height in the study environment of Santa Rosa - RS and smaller height in the environment of Rio Verde - GO. The genomic regions associated with wheat height identified seven significant marks, of which five marks are contained in genes already described in the literature. Thus, this work can contribute, mainly, to improvement programs that aim to develop materials with reduced size associated with other characteristics of agronomic interest.