Influência de padrões filogenéticos e variações sazonais na montagem de uma rede de interação planta-polinizadores

Abstract

Few studies in the Neotropics address the phylogenetic aspects of interactions between plants and pollinators, combined with the influence of seasonal variations on community assembly and their impacts on interactions in a scenario of rapid climate change. The present study proposed to evaluate whether the phylogenetic relationships (diversity and structure) of plant species influence the phylogenetic relationships of their pollinators between different climatic seasons and periods of drought and rain. Data were collected over a year at the Unilavras Biological Reserve – Boqueirão (RBUB)/MG. We calculate the phylogenetic diversity metric PD (phylogenetic diversity) and phylogenetic structure MPD (Mean pairwise distance) and MNTD (Mean nearest taxon distance) and their standardized ses (standardized size effect) versions in the R environment. to assess whether plant species influence the diversity and phylogenetic structure of pollinators and we used a redundancy analysis (RDA) to assess possible formations of seasonal climate gradients (climate and seasons) as a function of phylogenetic metrics. Finally, we also performed redundancy analysis (RDA) to evaluate possible formations of seasonal climate gradients as a function of phylogenetic metrics. All of our analyzes were performed in the R environment. We did not find significant patterns on plant structure and phylogenetic diversity, but insects showed a clustering pattern and lower phylogenetic diversity. We observed a pattern of overdispersion (sesMNTD) and greater phylogenetic diversity when comparing the phylogenetic influence of plants on insect metrics. Both environmental factors influence the phylogenetic matrix of insects, but do not influence plants. The analysis of the partial RDA (RDAp) showed that 14% of the variation of the phylogenetic data for insects can be explained considering the seasons and 21% if we consider the climate (drought and rain). As for plants, only 10% can be explained by the seasons and 4% by the weather (drought and rain). Finally, our results reiterate the importance of integrating phylogenetic studies with data on seasonal variations in search of a greater understanding of the influences of these variations and how they can affect interaction networks, since interactions between species are determinants of biodiversity and of the functioning of ecosystems.