Caracterização de empreendimentos de economia solidária plataformizados

Abstract

Big techs have used digital platforms as a means to outsource their production costs and establish strict control mechanisms over their workforce, without offering transparency in service pricing mechanisms and employee remuneration. This practice has been generating criticism mainly due to the increasingly precariousness of work conditions. Moreover, the idea of cooperativism reappears as an alternative to enable democratic digital businesses offered by the service providers themselves. Historically, this form of social organization has allowed worldwide management of work by the workers with income distribution and regional development. This capacity can be expanded by the dissemination of platform cooperativism as a mechanism capable of bringing together different cooperatives using digital platforms. In Brazil, platform cooperativism is commencing and has peculiarities linked to the markedly informal labor market, in addition to a dual cooperative construction. Thus, the present study proposed to characterize platform-based solidarity economy enterprises established in Brazil. To achieve this objective, an integrative and bibliometric bibliographical research was carried out, in which 20 articles were selected by searching the Web of Science and the CAPES Periodicals Portal divided into four categories of analysis, as well as it was found that this is a multidisciplinary and recent theme, since a large number of part of the academic production emerged between 2018 and 2020. We mapped cooperatives and platformized solidarity economy enterprises existing in Brazil, made up of workers whose precariousness was boosted by digital platforms. In addition we analyzed posts on social media by selected groups. The investigation was carried out on the internet and social networks, and we divided the groups found into four categories, urban mobility, couriers, maids and supportive network, in order to ease the development of new studies and formulation of public policies. The groups found were divided into four categories, urban mobility, couriers, maids and support network. We found that most of the initiatives are located in the Southeast region, that their emergence took place in areas and that the groups chosen in the courier and support network categories present posts in social media that are lined up with the principles of the solidarity economy and categories of analysis of deliberative citizenship. In addition, more vulnerable groups use the whatsapp phone application to manage work and contact customers. This served as inspiration for the creation of a booklet on the constitution of a platform EES for distribution in needy and economically vulnerable communities. The results indicate the need for a new mapping of the solidarity economy in Brazil that includes platform initiatives, as well as their investigation in social networks for the formulation of public policies. It is also suggested that such policies take into account the informality of the Brazilian labor market.