Utilização de fibras da palmeira amazônica Mauritia flexuosa como reforço em gesso acartonado

Abstract

Throughout the history of civil construction, the use of gypsum has been widely adopted due to its versatile qualities, remarkable durability, and ease of installation. A modern example of this versatility is the construction system known as gypsum board, or Drywall, which has gained recognition for its efficiency and ability to adapt to various architectural projects. However, as the search for more sustainable alternatives intensifies, innovative options emerge aimed at enhancing gypsum's characteristics while reducing its environmental impact. A promising approach is the incorporation of gypsum composites reinforced with fibers and lignocellulosic particles. In this scenario, miriti (Mauritia flexuosa), a palm tree native to the Amazon region, deserves special mention. Miriti not only has significant socioeconomic potential but is also valued for its distinct properties and renewable nature as a natural resource. Through this study, we aim to explore the potential of miriti as reinforcement in gypsum plasterboard sheets, considering its characteristics and benefits. The study evaluated the quality of gypsum plasterboard composites by replacing part of the gypsum matrix with different concentrations of miriti co-products. Four miriti content levels were used: 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, and 10%. The production of the composites involved the manual mixing of gypsum, water, and miriti particles, followed by molding into specific dimensions. To simulate the coating used in the drywall system, the sheets were coated with cellulose pulp. After a curing period, the sheets underwent physical-mechanical and thermal tests. The results obtained demonstrated that gypsum plasterboard composites with miriti had a lower apparent density ranging from 1.03 to 0.52 (g/cm³), resulting in lighter materials. Both reinforced and non-reinforced composites met the requirements of standard EN 13279-1 (2008) for flexural strength. Furthermore, composites with up to 5% miriti also met the standard's requirements for compression strength, which establishes a minimum value of 2 MPa. These results highlight the potential of these reinforced composites in various applications of gypsum plasterboard. They can be employed in areas that require weight reduction, such as internal partitions, ceilings, and coatings. Additionally, the use of miriti as reinforcement not only enhances the material's characteristics but also contributes to environmental preservation and the economic development of local communities in the Amazon region.