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Title: | Ammonia volatization from conventional and stabilized fertilizers, agronomic aspects and microbiological attributes in a Brazilian coffee crop system |
Keywords: | Nitrogen fertilizers Urease inhibitor Coffea arabica Basal respiration Enzymatic activity Soil health |
Issue Date: | 2023 |
Publisher: | Frontiers Media S.A. |
Citation: | SARKIS, Leonardo Fernandes et al. Ammonia volatization from conventional and stabilized fertilizers, agronomic aspects and microbiological attributes in a Brazilian coffee crop system. Frontiers in Plant Science, [S.l.], v. 14, 2023. |
Abstract: | We aimed to quantify the N losses through volatilization of the main conventional and stabilized N fertilizers applied in coffee plantations. Additionally, we also assessed microbiological attributes of the soil (microbial biomass carbon (MBC); microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN); microbial basal respiration (MBR); metabolic quotient (qCO2); urease, β-glucosidase, acid phosphatase, and arylsulfatase activities) and agronomic aspects of the crop (N content in the leaves and beans, yield, and N exportation by the beans). Treatments consisted of the combination of three fertilizers (ammonium nitrate - AN, conventional urea - U, and urea with N- (n-butyl) thiophosphoric triamide (NBPT) - UNBPT, and five doses of N (0, 150, 275, 400, and 525 kg ha-1 year-1 of N), with four replicates, totalling 60 experimental plots. In the two crop seasons evaluated, daily and cumulative losses of N-NH3 from the split fertilizer applications were influenced by the N fertilizer technologies. The application of U resulted in losses of 22.0% and 22.8% for the doses of 150 and 400 kg ha-1 year-1 of N. This means that 66 and 182 kg ha-1 of N-NH3 were lost, respectively, at the end of six fertilizations with U. UNBPT reduced urease activity and N-NH3 losses compared to conventional urea, avoiding the volatilization of 15.9 and 24.3 kg ha-1 of N. As for AN, N-NH3 losses did not exceed 1% of the applied dose, regardless of the weather conditions during the fertilization. Urease activity was higher on days of maximum NH3 volatilization. There was an effect of the N sources (NS), soil sampling time (ST), and their interaction (NS × ST) on the MBN and arylsulfatase activity. The N sources also influenced the MBC and the qCO2. A substantial amount of N was removed from the system by the beans and husks of the harvested fruits. Our study showed that N fertilizer technologies are interesting options to reduce N-NH3 losses by volatilization, increase N retention in the soil, and improve microbiological attributes and the sustainability of coffee production systems. |
URI: | https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/plant-science/articles/10.3389/fpls.2023.1291662/full http://repositorio.ufla.br/jspui/handle/1/59675 |
Appears in Collections: | DCS - Artigos publicados em periódicos |
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