Produção de mudas clonais de Coffea canephora Pierre na Amazônia

Abstract

The production of Coffea canephora Pierre ex A. Froehner seedlings is the primary phase that precedes the establishment of the crop. At this time, choosing the best genetic material with good vegetative growth and using containers that promote better seedling development can provide seedlings of superior quality and contribute to the origin of a vigorous and productive crop. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the growth of different genotypes of Coffea canephora and the performance of clonal seedlings in different containers. The two studies were conducted at the Embrapa Rondônia experimental station in Ouro Preto do Oeste. The first was installed with a randomized block experimental design, evaluating 76 clones at 120 days after cutting, analyzing stem length, stem diameter, number of roots, root volume, dry mass of the cuttings, dry mass of the aerial part, total dry mass, leaf area, and Dickson quality index (DQI). For statistical data analysis, multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was used with hierarchical cluster analysis using Euclidean distance and the UPGMA clustering method and principal component analysis. The second experiment was conducted in a randomized block experimental design divided in time with two treatments (bags + soil and tubes + substrate) and two evaluation times after cutting (120 and 140 days). The following response variables were evaluated: stem length, stem diameter, leaf area, fresh and dry mass of the aerial part, fresh and dry mass of the roots and cuttings, root volume, and Dickson quality index (DQI). All procedures were performed using the R software. In conclusion, there is phenotypic variability among the 76 genotypes of Coffea canephora, with the genotypes BRS 3137 and LB 22 showing greater dissimilarity in relation to the others, and the genotypes 244, 31-131, BRS 1216, and BRS 3137 being highly correlated. The clones correlate highly with the Dickson quality index and root volume. To produce Coffea canephora Pierre seedlings in nurseries, the best growth results were observed using 280 cm3 tubes, with the seedling formation time being 140 days after cutting. Once the clone growth is characterized, the original and unpublished data obtained in this study can be used to select, regionalize, and recommend new clonal varieties for the Amazon region.