Planejamento computacional de compostos anti-HIV-1 com múltiplos alvos

Abstract

HIV-1 inhibitors include compounds of some different biological targets, such as the HIV protease, reverse transcriptase and integrase enzymes, as well as fusion or entrance proteins, to reduce or block the replication of the HIV virus in the infected organism. Currently, drug therapy is given by the combination of drugs administered as cocktails of inhibitors of the different stages of viral replication. With the aim of proposing anti-HIV-1 compounds with multiple target as an alternative to improve the treatment, MIA-QSAR models were developed for compounds with anti-HIV-1 activity towards the MT4 cell line (model 1) and inhibitors of the reverse transcriptase enzyme (model 2), giving satisfactory statistical results, that is, Model 1 with r²cal of 0.934 , q² of 0.677 and r²test of 0.639, while for Model 2 r²cal of 0.910 , q² = 0.663 and r²test 0.667. Given the structural similarity between the compounds of these two classes, new compounds (A-F) were proposed and their bioactivities were estimated by the QSAR models, and additional docking studies were performed to validate these predictions. The proposed compound B was calculated to be a promising agent toward multiple targets due to its high predicted pIC50 value (8.69) and docking score (-129.7 kcal mol - 1), which are larger than or similar to other compounds, possibly because of hydrogen bonding with the amino acid residues Lys-101, Lys -103 and Tyr-318 of the reverse transcriptase enzyme and π-stacking interactions with Tyr-188. Preliminary theoretical analysis of pharmacokinetic parameters showed that compounds A and B are comparable to the best compounds of each class (compounds 112 and 113) and, therefore, they are expected to be well absorbed, distributed, metabolized and excreted.