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Artigo
Assessing and understanding arsenic contamination in agricultural soils and lake sediments from papallacta rural Parish, Northeastern Ecuador, via ecotoxicology factors, for environmental embasement
(2023-02-21) Jimenez, Paul Andres Jimenez; Díaz, Ximena; Silva, Marx Leandro Naves; Vega, Anyela; Curi, Nilton
The concentration of arsenic (As), considered a toxic and carcinogenic metalloid, in agricultural soils has become a global challenge. Sources of arsenic in soils can be both anthropogenic and natural. Contaminated water is used for the irrigation of crops and vegetables, and therefore it is the main pathway for arsenic to enter the human food chain, creating a potential health risk. This study evaluated the concentrations of arsenic in agricultural soils in the rural parish of Papallacta, located 67 km east of the city of Quito, Northeastern Ecuador, and constitutes an analysis of the problem of arsenic in agricultural soils. Shallow groundwater and geothermal water discharges laced with arsenic are frequently used for irrigation and have raised the level of arsenic in agricultural soils. This work is focused on evaluating the environmental quality and contamination of agricultural soils through environmental quality indices such as geo-accumulation index, enrichment, and contamination factor. The average arsenic levels in the agricultural soils of the four studied areas fluctuate between 20.4 and 43.0 mg kg−1, while in the sediments of the Papallacta Lake, higher values were found in the range between 16.8 and 102.4 mg kg−1; all of which exceed the permissible limit by the Ecuadorian Environmental Legislation for agricultural use (12 mg kg−1). The results of the study in the five studied sites of the Papallacta civil parish indicate low to moderate levels of arsenic enrichment, soils enriched by bedrock, and moderate to considerable contamination.
dissertação
Equidade, segurança e sustentabilidade nos serviços de saneamento pela ferramenta CWIS-FiT em Nampula, Moçambique
(Universidade Federal de Lavras, 2026-08-05) Caetano, Arsénio Mário; Barros, Eva Costa de; https://orcid.org/0009-0009-9854-0008; Fia, Ronaldo; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6824-0869; Franco, Camila Silva; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6756-683X; Sanches, Luciana; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3645-3541
Citywide Inclusive Sanitation (CWIS) promotes sanitation systems capable of ensuring equity among users and workers, service safety, and environmental and financial sustainability in cities such as Nampula, Mozambique, where sanitation challenges generate social, environmental, and economic impacts. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the inclusiveness of sanitation services in Nampula and their associated costs using the CWIS assessment framework. The research was conducted through a documentary review, identification of 5 low-income (LI) and 6 non-low-income (NLI) neighborhoods, and interviews with key informants in the sanitation sector. Using purposive and snowball sampling, 53 LI households, 39 NLI households, 1 municipal employee (Urban Planning and Sanitation Technician), 2 pit-emptying truck operators, and 1 manual pit-emptying group were interviewed, complemented by field observations. Data were analyzed using the Compendium of Sanitation Systems and Technologies (CSST), the Shit Flow Diagram (SFD), and the CWIS Financial Tool (CWIS-FiT). The institutional analysis indicated perceived overlaps in responsibilities and limitations in coordination among municipal, provincial, and national authorities, hindering service planning and management. The CSST identified 4 distinct sanitation systems, demonstrating the coexistence of sewered and non-sewered solutions and the need for integrated planning. The SFD revealed that wastewater flows are entirely unsafe (100%) due to the absence of wastewater and fecal sludge treatment. The business model analysis indicated that users connected to the sewer network pay 64.2% less for services than users of individual systems, while LI households face economic barriers that restrict their access to sanitation services. The tool showed that current tariff revenues are insufficient to ensure financial sustainability, estimating sustainable tariffs of Mts 58/month for sewered systems and Mts 198/month for non-sewered systems. It also demonstrated that private pit-emptying services generate financial surpluses, contrasting with the deficit observed in public management. The goal of 100% universal coverage through exclusively sewered systems within 20 years showed low feasibility, reinforcing the need to incorporate non-sewered solutions into long-term planning. Emptying and transport services generate profits for private operators, contrasting with financial deficits in the public sector resulting from low tariff revenues. The CWIS-FiT indicators classified equity and safety at an intermediate level (yellow) and sustainability at a critical level (red), indicating that universal sanitation coverage depends on strengthening governance, restoring financial sustainability, and integrating sewered and non-sewered solutions. The proposed inclusion strategies are: 1) fair tariff adjustments between sewered and non-sewered systems, with subsidies for LI households to cover operational costs; 2) formalization and registration of private operators to enable access to national social security, including health insurance; 3) prioritization of women in recruitment, particularly for decision-making positions; 4) external financing for expansion of the collection network, pit-emptying services, and construction of wastewater and fecal sludge treatment facilities; and 5) reuse of treated wastewater and fecal sludge as sources of income. It is concluded that the integrated application of the CSST, SFD, and CWIS-FiT enabled the identification of the main technological, institutional, and financial bottlenecks in the sector, providing a basis for planning more inclusive, safe, and sustainable urban sanitation strategies.
dissertação
Capacidade de combinação e seleção para rebrota em Megathyrsus maximus
(Universidade Federal de Lavras, 2026-07-10) Hayashida, Karina Sayuri de Aquino; Santos, Mateus Figueiredo; https://orcid.org/0001-0001-5324-906X; Alves, Rodrigo Silva; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3038-6210; Nunes, José Airton Rodrigues; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6260-7890; Nunes, José Airton Rodrigues; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6260-7890; Santos, Mateus Figueiredo; https://orcid.org/0001-0001-5324-906X; Jank, Liana; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9436-3678; Figueiredo, Ulisses José de
Megathyrsus maximus (syn. Panicum maximum) is a forage grass of paramount importance in pasture-based beef production systems, with regrowth being a fundamental trait in the breeding of this species. However, regrowth capacity (RC) is traditionally obtained through scores resulting from a combination of visual ratings assigned to its component traits: tiller density and growth rate, which can compromise selective accuracy. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate whether using the measurement of leaf elongation rate (LER) as a proxy for growth rate and a finer scale discretization for evaluating tiller density (DENS), combined through an additive index (AI), would contribute to increasing selective accuracy. Furthermore, the objective was to estimate genetic parameters, combining abilities, and genotype × environment (fertility levels) and genotype × harvest interactions related to regrowth capacity and its component traits. For this purpose, 81 progenies derived from a partial diallel involving 10 apomictic and 10 sexual parents were evaluated in an augmented block design. Data were analyzed using the mixed model approach, with variance components estimated by residual maximum likelihood. Genetic variability was detected among parents for RC, DENS, and LER, and among progenies for RC and DENS, enabling the selection of superior parents and progenies. Individual heritability values were low: 8%, 5%, and 16% for RC, DENS, and LER, respectively, highlighting the significant influence of the environment on the phenotypic expression of regrowth. The genotype × environment and genotype × harvest interactions were significant, but predominantly of the simple type. Traditional evaluation (RC) proved to be more effective than AI, with predicted genetic gains of 3.2%, 1.4%, and 8.2% for apomictic parents, sexual parents, and progenies, respectively.
dissertação
Capacidade de combinação e seleção para rebrota em Megathyrsus maximus
(Universidade Federal de Lavras, 2026-06-10) Hayashida, Karina Sayuri de Aquino; Santos, Mateus Figueiredo; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5324-906X; Alves, Rodrigo Silva; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3038-6210; Nunes, José Airton Rodrigues; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6260-7890; Jank, Liana; http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9436-3678; Figueiredo, Ulisses José de; http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9207-0254
Megathyrsus maximus (syn. Panicum maximum) is a forage grass of paramount importance in pasture-based beef production systems, with regrowth being a fundamental trait in the breeding of this species. However, regrowth capacity (RC) is traditionally obtained through scores resulting from a combination of visual ratings assigned to its component traits: tiller density and growth rate, which can compromise selective accuracy. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate whether using the measurement of leaf elongation rate (LER) as a proxy for growth rate and a finer scale discretization for evaluating tiller density (DENS), combined through an additive index (AI), would contribute to increasing selective accuracy. Furthermore, the objective was to estimate genetic parameters, combining abilities, and genotype × environment (fertility levels) and genotype × harvest interactions related to regrowth capacity and its component traits. For this purpose, 81 progenies derived from a partial diallel involving 10 apomictic and 10 sexual parents were evaluated in an augmented block design. Data were analyzed using the mixed model approach, with variance components estimated by residual maximum likelihood. Genetic variability was detected among parents for RC, DENS, and LER, and among progenies for RC and DENS, enabling the selection of superior parents and progenies. Individual heritability values were low: 8%, 5%, and 16% for RC, DENS, and LER, respectively, highlighting the significant influence of the environment on the phenotypic expression of regrowth. The genotype × environment and genotype × harvest interactions were significant, but predominantly of the simple type. Traditional evaluation (RC) proved to be more effective than AI, with predicted genetic gains of 3.2%, 1.4%, and 8.2% for apomictic parents, sexual parents, and progenies, respectively.
Artigo
Aspectos da linguagem intertextual em versões de Chapeuzinho Vermelho
(2023-06-24) Barceló, Elisabet Contreras; Goulart, Ilsa do Carmo Vieira
Literary language is marked by the dynamism and expressiveness of words, through which authors create and recreate texts, write and rewrite stories. With this, literary productions that seek the recreation of texts (hypertextuality) are consolidated or that present a cross between different texts (intertextuality) from a base text (hypotext). Fairy tales have come to have different versions over the years, such as Little Red Riding Hood, whose first written version was published by Charles Perrault in 1697, in Cuentos de antaño. Thus, it is intended to make a comparative analysis of the rewriting of eight versions of the classic tale Little Red Riding Hood, produced in different countries and which had translations into several languages, in order to present aspects that distinguish the aesthetic dimension, discursive and semiotic of the works, constructed from intertextuality.