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Artigo
Competition in forest plantations: empirical and process-based modelling in pine and eucalypt plantations
(2023-05-31) Barbosa, Lorena Oliveira; Santos, Juscelina Arcanjo dos; Gonçalves, Anny Francielly Ataide; Campoe, Otávio Camargo; Scolforo, José Roberto Soares; Scolforo, Henrique Ferraço
Competition for resources among trees, shrubs and weeds in forest plantations is an important factor that directly interferes with the growth and production of forests. Understanding the ways in which plantation trees compete for resources during their development helps to more accurately estimate tree growth and wood production in models. Growth and production models are classified as empirical or process-based models. For both types of models, competition is added either directly as a numerical variable or indirectly through submodels that quantify the use of available resources for growth among plants. The first part of this article is a contextualization of how competition is embedded in empirical (G&YM) and process-based (PBM) growth and production models. The second part is a systematic review between the years 1999–2021 that seeks to answer the questions “Which species in Brazil has the highest number of publications on competition in G&YM and PBM? Which competition assessment methods are used in studies on G&YM and PBM in Pinus and Eucalyptus plantations in Brazil? What were the advances in studies on competition in G&YM and PBM in Pinus and Eucalyptus plantations?” The largest number of articles published during the period studied was in Eucalyptus plantations, which is because there is a larger area of these plantations in Brazil compared to Pinus plantations. The review showed that competition in most articles is treated indirectly using basal area, number of trees, density, and Beer-Lambert law. Competition is a complex process to assess, however, not neglected by the models. The contrary, studies have advanced and shown direct ways to competition by incorporating processes and indices in either G&YM and PBM.
Artigo
Compatibility study of Duddingtonia flagrans conidia and its crude proteolytic extract
(2023-09-16) Souza, Debora Castro de; Silva, Ana Carolina da; Silva, Adriane Toledo da; Castro, Clara Resende de Souza; Albuquerque, Laisa Bastos; Moreira, Tiago Facury; Araújo, Jackson Victor de; Braga, Fabio Ribeiro; Soares, Filippe Elias de Freitas
This study aimed to evaluate the concomitant use of the nematophagous fungus Duddingtonia flagrans (AC001) and its protease-rich crude extract for the in vitro control of Panagrellus sp., Haemonchus spp., and Trichostrongylus spp. The nematicidal tests were carried out on larvae of the free-living nematode Panagrellus sp. and infective larvae of the gastrointestinal parasitic nematodes of domestic ruminants (Haemonchus spp. and Trichostrongylus spp). Five experimental groups were set: (1) one control group (G1) and (4) four treated groups -G2 - active crude extract; G3 - denatured crude extract; G4 - fungus, and G5 - fungus + active extract. Plates were incubated at 28 ºC for 24 h followed by the recovery of the larvae using the Baermann technique. The results showed a lower recovery of Panagrellus sp. larvae in the experimental groups compared to the control group, as follows: 52 % (G2), 16 % (G3), 46 % (G4), and 77 % (G5). An even greater reduction (77 ± 5 %) occurred in the group (G5). In addition, the authors observed lower averages of L3 of Haemonchus spp. and Trichostrongylus spp. in the experimental groups compared to the control group, as follows: 59 % (G2), 0 % (G3), 86 % (G4), and 76 % (G5). In turn, there was a difference (p < 0.01) between (G5) and (G2). The results this study indicate a positive effect from the compatible use of the D. flagrans fungus and its enzymatic crude extract (protease), which has been demonstrated here for the first time and with potential field applications for further designs.
Artigo
Comparison of the corrosion inhibition performance of tannins extracted from stryphnodendron adstringens with that of commercial tannins extracted from black wattl (Acacia mearnsii)
(2023-07-18) Popiolski, Tatiane Michele; Bueno, Alysson Helton Santos; Mori, Fábio Akira
Large amounts of low-carbon steel are used globally in many industrial sectors, as this material is very versatile, economical, and effective. The major problem with this type of steel is its susceptibility to corrosion, especially if used in acidic media, which is quite common in industry. Therefore, several anticorrosion methods are used for protecting structures and equipment, and an economical and effective method for protection is the use of inhibitors. The current ecological awareness, together with more rigid sustainability legislation, has created opportunities for research on the use of organic, nontoxic inhibitors from renewable sources. Tannins have been studied as likely inhibitors of the corrosive process due to their ability to form stable tannin complexes with corrosion products on the metal surface. These compounds are composed of flavonoid units and are considered an innovative line of anticorrosion products. This study evaluated the corrosion inhibition performance of tannins extracted from Stryphnodendron adstringens (Mart. Coville.) (barbatimão), a tree species characteristic of the Brazilian Cerrado biome, compared with the corrosion inhibition performance of commercial tannins extracted from Acacia mearnsii (De Wild) (black wattle) and cationically modified in terms of the protection of (Society of Automotive Engineers International) SAE 1020 carbon steel in a medium of 0.1 molar hydrochloric acid. The electrochemical methods of potentiodynamic polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and gravimetry were used to characterize the inhibitory effects of the tannins, together with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy for analysis of the reaction product between the iron and tannins. The results obtained showed the mixed inhibitor character of the tannins from barbatimão, which achieved good results, with an inhibition efficiency of up to 79%, compared with 95% for the modified tannins from black wattle.
Artigo
Comparison of Brucella abortus population structure based on genotyping methods with different levels of resolution
(2023-08) Pereira, Carine R.; Neia, Raquel C.; Silva, Saulo B.; Williamson, Charles H. D.; Gillece, John D.; O'Callaghan, David; Foster, Jeffrey T.; Oliveira, Izabela R. C.; Bueno Filho, Júlio S. S.; Lage, Andrey P.; Azevedo, Vasco A. C.; Dorneles, Elaine M. S.
Numerous genotyping techniques based on different principles and with different costs and levels of resolution are currently available for understanding the transmission dynamics of brucellosis worldwide. We aimed to compare the population structure of the genomes of 53 Brazilian Brucella abortus isolates using eight different genotyping methods: multiple-locus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis (MLVA8, MLVA11, MLVA16), multilocus sequence typing (MLST9, MLST21), core genome MLST (cgMLST) and two techniques based on single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) detection (parSNP and NASP) from whole genomes. The strains were isolated from six different Brazilian states between 1977 and 2008 and had previously been analyzed using MLVA8, MLVA11, and MLVA16. Their whole genomes were sequenced, assembled, and subjected to MLST9 MLST21, cgMLST, and SNP analyses. All the genotypes were compared by hierarchical grouping method based on the average distances between the correlation matrices of each technique. MLST9 and MLST21 had the lowest level of resolution, both revealing only four genotypes. MLVA8, MLVA11, and MLVA16 had progressively increasing levels of resolution as more loci were analyzed, identifying 6, 16, and 44 genotypes, respectively. cgMLST showed the highest level of resolution, identifying 45 genotypes, followed by the SNP-based methods, both of which had 44 genotypes. In the assessed population, MLVA was more discriminatory than MLST and was easier and cheaper to perform. SNP techniques and cgMLST provided the highest levels of resolution and the results from the two methods were in close agreement. In conclusion, the choice of genotyping technique can strongly affect one's ability to make meaningful epidemiological conclusions but is dependent on available resources: while the VNTR based techniques are more indicated to high prevalence scenarios, the WGS methods are the ones with the best discriminative power and therefore recommended for outbreaks investigation.
Artigo
Como vai a poesia no livro didático? Contribuições para o letramento poético na escola básica
(2023-09-26) Portolomeos, Andréa; Silva, Gabriel Bosco Vaz da
This article discusses poetry teaching in elementary school. Based on the collection“Se liga na Língua: Reading, Text Production and Language” by Ormundo and Siniscalchi (2018), more specifically the 6th year, and on a theoretical framework based on the contributions of reception aesthetics to new literature teaching methodologies in primary school. Reading poetry in the classroom is a need for students full training, as considered by the BNCC, the objective of this work is to evaluate to what extent the textbook in question contributes to assertive practices related to this training. Given the expressive amount of poems in the didactic material, there are few guidelines that actually promote poetic literacy, as directed in the BNCC, despite the fact that the book was approved by the PNLDand be adopted in many public schools in our country today.