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Artigo
Kinetics and mineralization fraction of organic matter from sewage sludge mixed with soil under controlled laboratory conditions
(2022-12-27) Silva, Diogo André Pinheiro da; Matos, Mateus Pimentel; Marques, Marcus Vinícius Araújo; Matos, Antonio Teixeira de; Neves, Thiago de Alencar
The objective of this work was to evaluate the kinetics and mineralization fraction of organic matter from sewage sludge mixed with the soil under controlled laboratory conditions. For this, organic material samples accumulated in layers 0–5 cm, 5–10 cm and 10–15 cm in relation to the surface of a vertical flow constructed wetland system (VF-CW) used for treatment of septic tank sludge, in addition to samples of dewatered sludge from a septic tank and a UASB reactor and non-dewatered sludge from an anaerobic digester were mixed with material collected from the surface layer of a Red Yellow Argisol at rates equivalent to the applications, via organic residues, of 300 and 600 kg ha−1 year−1 of total nitrogen. It was found that the two-phase kinetic equation fit better to the mineralization data of labile and recalcitrant organic carbon. For the lowest nitrogen application rate in the mixtures, the mineralization fractions of the total organic carbon were higher than 73%, while at the highest dose there was a reduction in the mineralization of organic matter by 17% and 63%, respectively in samples collected in layer 10–15 cm from the VF-CW and in the septic tank sludge dewatered in the drying bed.
Artigo
Prenatal origins of productivity and quality of beef
(2022-10-24) Santos, Marta Maria dos; Costa, Thaís Correia; Ramírez-Zamudio, Germán Darío; Nascimento, Karolina Batista; Gionbelli, Mateus Pies; Duarte, Marcio de Souza
The productive traits of beef cattle are orchestrated by their genetics, post-natal environmental conditions, and also by the intrauterine background. Both under- or overnutrition, as specific dietary components, are able to promote persistent effects on the offspring. This occurs because dietary factors act not only affecting the availability of substrates for fetal anabolism and oxidative metabolism, but also as signals that regulate several events toward fetal development. Therefore, this study aimed to summarize the gestational nutrition effects on the offspring performance and meat quality in a long term. Overall, studies have shown that many of these alterations are under the control of epigenetic mechanisms, as DNA methylation, histones modification, and non-coding RNA. The current knowledge has indicated that the fetal programming responses are dependent on the window of fetal development in which the dietary treatment is applied, the intensity of maternal nutritional stimuli, and the treatment application length. Collectively, studies demonstrated that muscle cell hyperplasia is impaired when maternal requirements were not achieved in the second third of gestation, which limits the formation of a greater number of muscle fibers and the offspring growth potential in a long term. Changes in muscle fibers metabolism and in collagen content were also reported as consequence of a dietary perturbation during pregnancy. In contrast, a maternal overnutrition during the late pregnancy has been associated with beneficial responses on meat quality. In summary, ensuring an adequate maternal environment during the fetal development is crucial to enhance the productive responses in beef cattle operations.
Artigo
Effects of maternal protein supplementation at mid-gestation of cows on intake, digestibility, and feeding behavior of the offspring
(2022-10-20) Nascimento, Karolina Batista; Galvão, Matheus Castilho; Meneses, Javier Andrés Moreno; Moreira, Gabriel Miranda; Ramírez-Zamudio, German Darío; Souza, Stefania Priscilla de; Prezotto, Ligia Dias; Chalfun, Luthesco Haddad Lima; Duarte, Marcio de Souza; Casagrande, Daniel Rume; Gionbelli, Mateus Pies
It is well known that intrauterine growth-restricted offspring present physiologic and metabolic modifications later in life. Therefore, understanding the impact of the maternal nutritional plane on feed intake patterns may lead to new feeding strategies to improve the feed efficiency and performance of beef cattle. In this study, we have evaluated the effect of maternal protein supplementation (PS) during mid-gestation and its interaction with the offspring’s sex on the voluntary feed intake and nutrient use of the progeny. Our results show that PS during mid-gestation increases performance and improves the voluntary feed intake of the offspring. Prenatal PS induced favorable changes in the feeding behavior, in which CON offspring spent more time per day eating supplements and ruminating but spent fewer periods in idleness. Maternal protein restriction demonstrated positive effects on the ability to digest the nutrients of male calves. In summary, our data show that PS alters the gain potential, indirectly demonstrating an increase in their nutritional requirements. In contrast, protein restriction causes a compensatory mechanism on the offspring’s nutrient useability in a sex-dependent manner, increasing the total tract digestibility of nutrients in response to a growth-restriction exposure during intrauterine development.
Artigo
Outbreak of canine distemper and coinfections in a maned wolf (Chrysocyon brachyurus) and in three giant anteaters (Myrmecophaga tridactyla)
(2022-07-21) Souza, Lucas R.; Carvalho, Marcelo P. N.; Lopes, Carlos E. B.; Lopes, Marcelo C.; Campos, Bruna H.; Teixeira, Érika P. T.; Mendes, Ellen J.; Santos, Leidilene P.; Caixeta, Eduardo A.; Costa, Erica A.; Cunha, João L. R.; Fraiha, Ana L. S.; Silva, Rodrigo O. S.; Ramos, Carolina P.; Varaschin, Mary S.; Ecco, Roselene
Canine distemper outbreak and coinfections in three giant anteaters and in a maned wolf has been described. Three giant anteaters developed respiratory and digestive clinical signs after the introduction of a maned wolf to a Wildlife Rehabilitation Center. The maned wolf and two anteaters died, and one anteater was euthanized. Post mortem and histopathologic exams revealed lesions associated with numerous intraepithelial inclusion bodies, mainly in the respiratory and digestive systems. Infection by distemper virus was confirmed in all animals by RT-PCR and gene sequencing, which revealed the Europe 1/ South America 1 strain, closely related to the strain from Canis familiaris. In addition to distemper, the animals had other comorbidities, such as toxoplasmosis and salmonellosis in the maned wolf and cutaneous candidiasis in an anteater. Considering the chronology of clinical manifestation in both species and the viral characterization, it is possible that the maned wolf was the source of infection to the anteaters. This study demonstrates the importance of implementing biosecurity measures in enclosures that house animals of different species, highlighting the importance of quarantine before introduction of new animals into the same environment.
dissertação
Estratégias de adaptação da agricultura familiar às mudanças climáticas no cerrado: práticas adotadas e políticas públicas associadas
(Universidade Federal de Lavras, 2026-03-25) Alves, Julio de Araújo; Assis, Thiago Rodrigo de Paula; Ribeiro, Aureo Eduardo Magalhães; Vilas Boas, Lucas Guedes
Family farming in the Brazilian Cerrado faces increasing impacts from climate change, including intensified water irregularity, soil degradation, and the loss of agrobiodiversity, which affect agricultural production, food security, and rural livelihoods. In response to these challenges, family farmers have adopted a range of adaptation strategies based on local knowledge, agroecological practices, and socio-territorial arrangements, often articulated through community networks and support institutions. However, these strategies remain poorly systematized in literature and do not always receive adequate support from existing public policies. Against this background, this dissertation aims to map and analyze climate adaptation strategies adopted by family farming in the Cerrado, as well as to examine their relationship with key federal public policy instruments directed at the sector. Methodologically, the study is based on a systematic review guided by the PRISMA protocol, integrating academic literature and qualified grey literature, complemented by a qualitative analysis of public policies. The analyzed corpus consists of 16 documents selected according to empirical, territorial, and methodological relevance criteria. The results indicate that climate adaptation in the Cerrado is predominantly organized as a socio-technical and territorial process, structured around recurring dimensions such as water management, agrobiodiversity, ecological soil management, and the governance of common resources, mediated by collective practices and local institutions. The analysis of public policies shows that instruments such as the ABC+ Plan, PNATER, PNAPO, and Pronaf contain potentially complementary elements but operate in a fragmented manner, which limits their capacity to strengthen and scale existing adaptation strategies across territories. The study concludes that strengthening climate adaptation in family farming in the Cerrado depends less on the introduction of new technologies and more on the recognition and articulation of public policies capable of supporting and expanding territorially rooted practices that already exist.