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Artigo
Bolsa Família e (in)segurança alimentar em município mineiro: estudo com crianças até sete anos
(2023-12-13) Alvarenga, Ana Pereira; Bernardes, Milena Serenini; Verissimo, Marina de Oliveira; Maís, Laís Amaral; Bernardes, Renan Serenini; Teixeira, Lílian Gonçalves; Longo-Silva, Giovana; Toloni, Maysa Helena de Aguiar
The Bolsa Família Program has been the objective of studies that show the impact of reducing extreme poverty and reducing food and nutritional inse- curity (FNI). Objective: investigate the prevalence of FNI and factors associated among families with children under seven years old participating in the Bolsa Família Program, residing in a municipality in the south of the state of Minas Gerais. Methods: Quantitative cross-sectional study conducted with 145 families and 206 children under seven years old were evaluated. Results: The prevalence of FNI was 77.9%, and 15.9% of severe insecurity. The association between FNI and family income (p = 0.024), food after receiving the benefit (p = 0.006), bean consumption (p = 0.016) and snack foods (p = 0.006) were found among children of two to seven years. In addition, iron deficiency anemia was associated with the introduction of stuffed crackers (p = 0.023), packet chips (p = 0.044) and petit suisse cheese (p = 0.014) before the age of two. Conclusion: Therefore, it is expected that this research contributes to the generation of scientific evidence that will be used in decision making to improve management efficiency by redefining priorities and qualification of professionals involved in the program.
Artigo
Blending Controlled-Release and Urease-Inhibitor Technologies as Innovative Solutions to Reduce Ammonia Emissions in Coffee Environments
(2023-09-30) Freitas, Tainah; Oliveira, Damiany Pádua; Dutra, Mateus Portes; Zito, Pauliana Cristina; Reis, Estevam Antônio Chagas; Fernandes, Tales Jesus; Nunes, Ana Paula Pereira; Guimarães, Rubens José; Rabêlo, Flávio Henrique Silveira; Guelfi, Douglas
Enhanced efficiency fertilizers, such as urea treated with a urease inhibitor, controlled-release fertilizers (CRFs), and fertilizer blends, compose important strategies for improving efficiency in nitrogen (N) use by plants and mitigating ammonia (N-NH3) emissions. The physical mixture of fertilizers in blends can favor synchronization of N-release from the fertilizers and N-uptake by coffee plants and also dilute the costs of acquiring a pure CRF, making fertilizer blends more accessible to growers. To investigate this, a field experiment was conducted over two consecutive crop years with Coffea arabica with the aim of evaluating nitrogen fertilizer technologies at application rates ranging from 0 to 450 kg N ha−1. The fertilizers were characterized, and analyses were performed to quantify N-release from the fertilizers, ammonia volatilization, and nutritional and yield aspects of the coffee plant. The fertilizers used were urea (UCon), urea treated with N-(n-butyl) thiophosphoric-triamide (UNBPT), urea-coated with polymer of the E-Max technology (with 41%N (EMax41) or 43%N (EMax43)), and blends of UNBPT with E-Max (Blend41–Blend43). The cumulative N-release for EMax41 always remained below that for EMax43, just as occurred for Blend41 in relation to Blend43. Over the two crop years, the greatest volatilization of N-NH3 occurred with UCon (~25%) and the least with EMax41 (9%). The results indicate that the technologies mitigated the N-NH3 emissions in relation to UCon [EMax41 (63% mitigation) > Blend41 (43%) > EMax43 (32%) > UNBPT (28%) > Blend43 (19%)]. Crop management affects coffee yield. The yield increase went from 20% in the first crop year to 75% in the second, with better results from fertilizers containing CRF. We present information that can assist fertilizer producers and coffee growers, and, above all, we seek to contribute to environmental action for the reduction of agricultural NH3, clarifying potential strategies for mitigation of these emissions and strategies that generate advances in research on technologies for coffee growing.
Artigo
Biospeckle Laser On Clouds, a digital gateway aiming at collaborative research improvement
(2023-11-03) Braga, Roberto A.; Godinho, Robson P.
The Dynamic Laser Speckle (DLS) is a photonic phenomenon transformed into a technique to monitor tiny changes in many materials, particularly in biological ones (Biospeckle Laser – BSL). Its high sensitivity is key to monitor tiny changes in the tissues that can characterise biological features in medical and in agricultural samples. This work aimed to develop an environment at the world-wide-web to share raw data of BSL and to offer access to an interactively online analysis with tutorials. The gateway designed was implemented using PHP and JavaScript tools solving the challenges of managing data (images) and online interactive use. The result was an easy-to-use environment boosting the BSL research. The early results presented thousands of accesses and of more than one hundred different users from all around the world.
Artigo
Biosurfactants produced by yeasts: fermentation, screening, recovery, purification, characterization, and applications
(2023) Fernandes, Natalia de Andrade Teixeira; Simões, Luara Aparecida; Dias, Disney Ribeiro
The demand for biosurfactants (BS) produced by yeast for use in industrial processes and products is increasing. Therefore, there has been an increase in the number of publications related to characterization of surfactant compounds produced by yeasts generally recognized as safe (GRAS), which has enabled their application in several industries, including the pharmaceutical and food industries. However, some of these studies use techniques that are not accurate or are no longer essential because of advancements in new technologies. Given the industrial importance of yeasts and their potential to produce BS, this study reviews the production of BS by this microorganism and the most recent industrial applications of BS. It also critically reviews a wide range of techniques used in screening of BS-producing strains, as well as those used in recovery, purification, and characterization of these surfactant compounds produced by yeasts. This review introduces diverse methodologies that are indispensable for the study of BS produced by yeast in an effort to advance BS design, synthesis, and application and introduces new perspectives in the research of these compounds to overcome the obstacles present in this field.
Artigo
Biometric and morphological adjustments of Eugenia dysenterica DC. seedlings in response to increased soil water deficit
(2023) Campos, Matheus Pena; Rufini, José Carlos Moraes; Silva, Bruno Montoani; Guedes, Mayara Neves Santos; García, Yesenia Mendoza; Souza, Janaina Canaan Rezende de; Azevedo, Raphael Passaglia; Fagundes, Miriã Cristina Pereira
Water stress can affect all aspects of plant growth and development, compromising its productive potential. The cultivation of fruit species native to the Cerrado and the study of their behavior under conditions of low water availability are necessary activities, in view of their socioeconomic and environmental potential. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of water deficit on growth and biomass production of the cagaita tree (Eugenia dysenterica DC.), a species endemic to the Cerrado (Brazilian Savannah). The experiment was performed in a greenhouse for 120 days in a randomized block design (RBD), with a double factorial arrangement (2x5), corresponding to two cagaita mother plants and five water conditions. We evaluated the growth and leaf, stem and root functional characteristics. The most severe water deficit conditions reduced shoot growth, number of leaves, production of biomass and dry matter and increased the specific and per plant mass root length of cagaita plants. Deficit extension had negative effects on its growth and development. There was a statistical difference between mother plants, with mother plant 2 being more resistant to drought. The application of a severe or longer water deficit affected shoot growth and reduced the appearance of new leaves. The stress caused by water deficiency allowed an increase in root functional characteristics, supporting the hypothesis that plants under adverse conditions focus on higher biomass production and convert a higher amount of dry matter into the roots. Leaf area did not show to be a functional characteristic, explaining the stress effects in E. dysenterica DC plants. Keywords: cerrado biome; dry matter; leaf area; root/shoot ratio; soil moisture.Water stress can affect all aspects of plant growth and development, compromising its productive potential. The cultivation of fruit species native to the Cerrado and the study of their behavior under conditions of low water availability are necessary activities, in view of their socioeconomic and environmental potential. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of water deficit on growth and biomass production of the cagaita tree (Eugenia dysenterica DC.), a species endemic to the Cerrado (Brazilian Savannah). The experiment was performed in a greenhouse for 120 days in a randomized block design (RBD), with a double factorial arrangement (2x5), corresponding to two cagaita mother plants and five water conditions. We evaluated the growth and leaf, stem and root functional characteristics. The most severe water deficit conditions reduced shoot growth, number of leaves, production of biomass and dry matter and increased the specific and per plant mass root length of cagaita plants. Deficit extension had negative effects on its growth and development. There was a statistical difference between mother plants, with mother plant 2 being more resistant to drought. The application of a severe or longer water deficit affected shoot growth and reduced the appearance of new leaves. The stress caused by water deficiency allowed an increase in root functional characteristics, supporting the hypothesis that plants under adverse conditions focus on higher biomass production and convert a higher amount of dry matter into the roots. Leaf area did not show to be a functional characteristic, explaining the stress effects in E. dysenterica DC plants.