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dissertação
A crise do conhecimento nas Confissões de Agostinho
(Universidade Federal de Lavras, 2026-09-02) Oliveira, Cesar Augusto Santos; Sousa, Meline Costa; Di Silva, Maurizio Filippo; Loque, Flavio Fontenelle
This dissertation investigates the conceptualization and unfolding of the crisis of knowledge in the intellectual and epistemological itinerary of Augustine of Hippo, taking the retrospective weaving contained in the work Confessions as its central hermeneutical landmark. The scope of the work consists of analyzing how the collapse of the materialistic representational model of Manichaeism and the subsequent tension with the skepticism of the New Academy led the author to a profound reformulation of human cognitive capacity, the overcoming of which and access to Truth became attainable through the harmonization between rational inquiry and the authority of faith. Methodologically, the research delimits the crisis from a strictly epistemological perspective and contextualized within Late Antiquity, moving away from vague psychological or existential categorizations. In the first chapter, which analyzes Book V, it is demonstrated how Manichaean cosmological inconsistencies in the face of empirical astronomical data dragged Augustine toward academic systematic doubt, operating as a negative purification of the mind that prepared the ground for the rehabilitation of belief by testimony and the legitimation of the Scriptures under the mediation of Ambrose of Milan. In the second chapter, the object of analysis of which is Book VII, the impact of reading the Neoplatonic books is deepened, explaining that, although Neoplatonism provided the metaphysical apparatus necessary to dematerialize the conception of God and to equate evil under the status of the privation of good, pagan philosophical reason proved to be soteriologically insufficient, demanding the introduction of the doctrine of divine medicinal Grace to heal and unify a volitional faculty split by the weight of habits. The third chapter crowns the investigation by scrutinizing the dynamic structure of memory in Book X, showing that the narrative transition preserves autobiographical value by shifting the object of examination from sensible things to supersensible realities. The mnemonic palace is mapped as the intelligible space of self-consciousness, and the paradox of forgetfulness is deciphered as the theological trigger that breaks solipsistic isolation, proving that the soul, too narrow to contain its own immensity, depends on the illumination of the Word as ratio cognoscendi. Consequently, the results of this research reiterate that the resolution of the Augustinian epistemological crisis shifts philosophy into the orbit of an eminently practical discipline of beatitude, consolidating the thesis that the authentic constitution of knowledge merges with affective rest alongside the Supreme Good and the attainment of the happy life (beata vita).
dissertação
A pedagogia crítica na educação física: relações pedagógicas com adolescentes em situação de vulnerabilidade no ensino básico
(Universidade Federal de Lavras, 2026-08-28) Duarte, Victória Lourenço; Oliveira, Luiz Fernando de; Assis, Eliasaf Rodrigues de; Silva, Leandro Veloso
This master's dissertation proposes a comprehensive investigation of pedagogical practices that encompass the foundations of education, the body, and culture, considering different philosophical and scientific perspectives. The central objective is to understand how these dimensions influence and are influenced by educational processes in Physical Education within Basic Education. The research will place special emphasis on pedagogical relationships with adolescents in situations of vulnerability, analyzing and interpreting how pedagogical practices in Physical Education can be re-signified to better meet their needs and how these adaptations impact the holistic development of these students. By exploring a critical pedagogy, the study aims to give visibility to the phenomenon under investigation, highlighting its particularities, complexities, and implications within the educational context. This is a qualitative and exploratory- descriptive research, conducted through a literature review focused on pedagogical practices in Physical Education and their relationship with vulnerable adolescents. Data will be obtained through the selection and critical analysis of relevant academic sources, with an emphasis on aesthetic, ethical, political, and epistemological dimensions. The analysis will allow for the identification of patterns and recurring themes, contributing to the understanding and enhancement of more meaningful Physical Education.
tese
Concreto estrutural de cimento Portland com incorporação de agregado miúdo reciclado: avaliação e modelagem computacional
(Universidade Federal de Lavras, 2026-07-10) Tavares, Dennis Santos; Yanagi Junior, Tadayuki; Gomes, Francisco Carlos; Lacerda, Wilian Soares; Lima, Renato Ribeiro de; Ferreira, Saulo Rocha; Zangiácomo, André Luiz; Vilela, Alan Pereira; Furtini, Ana Carolina Corrêa
The growing concern over the environmental impacts generated by the construction industry has encouraged research focused on the reuse of waste materials in the production of structural concrete. River sand extraction and the improper disposal of waste from concrete products constitute serious environmental problems, contributing to the degradation of water bodies, biodiversity loss, and the increase in urban environmental liabilities. In this context, the present work comprises two complementary studies addressing the use of recycled fine aggregate derived from industrial waste generated by precast concrete products. The first article presents the results of an extensive experimental program involving the production of concrete mixtures with different replacement levels of natural sand by recycled fine aggregate. The mechanical properties evaluated were axial compressive strength and splitting tensile strength. Statistical analysis was performed using analysis of variance (ANOVA), the Scott–Knott test, and regression model fitting. For replacement levels of 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50%, the average increases in compressive strength were 1.69%, 6.69%, 6.30%, 8.44%, and 9.05%, respectively, whereas the average variations in tensile strength were 0.84%, −0.53%, 0.50%, 0.86%, and 1.78%. These results indicate that, on average across the evaluated mixtures, the incorporation of recycled aggregate did not significantly compromise the mechanical performance of the concrete. The regression models yielded coefficients of determination (R²) greater than 0.85 for most of the fitted models. The second article proposes an artificial intelligence-based predictive approach to estimate the proportions of the concrete constituent materials, considering the recycled aggregate replacement percentage and the required mechanical strengths as input variables. Several Artificial Neural Network (ANN) models and Fuzzy Inference Systems (FISs) were developed and compared. The ANNs performed better in terms of error metrics, including root mean square error (RMSE) and mean absolute error, whereas the FISs achieved better coefficients of determination, with R² values greater than 0.9. The integration of both studies strengthens the potential use of recycled aggregates in the production of structural concrete while demonstrating the effectiveness of computational intelligence tools for predicting concrete mix proportions.
dissertação
Modelagem da biomassa arbórea: abordagem baseada em métricas deriváveis de LiDAR para contextos florestais e urbanos
(Universidade Federal de Lavras, 2026-04-23) Costa, Luana Catarine de Oliveira; Zenni, Rafael Dudeque; Pereira, Kelly Marianne Guimarães; Magnago, Luiz Fernando Silva; Heringer, Gustavo; Melo, Lucas Amaral de
Accurate estimation of tree aboveground biomass (AGB) is essential for understanding carbon stock, evaluating the ecological quality of urbanized landscapes, forest management, urban planning, and supporting climate policies. Remote sensing technologies such as airborne LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) have expanded methodological possibilities for biomass estimation across different ecosystem contexts. However, equations developed for closed-canopy forests do not represent adquately trees growing under the open and isolated conditions typical of urban areas. This study aimed to develop and compare allometric models based on total height (H) and crown area (Ca), derived from airborne LiDAR, for two contrasting tree typologies in Lavras, southeastern Brazil: trees in a seasonal semideciduous forest fragment and isolated or spaced urban trees. Field data included diameter at breast height (DBH), total tree height (H), and species identification, while wood density (WD) values were obtained from the Global Wood Density database (Chave et al., 2009; Zanne et al., 2009). UAV-LiDAR data were used to derive maximum tree height (H) and crown area (Ca) metrics. Reference AGB was estimated using the pantropical allometric equation (Eq. 4) from Chave et al. (2014) based on DBH, H, and WD. We tested 27 candidate equations separately for each typology and evaluated their fit (adjusted R²), parsimony (AIC), and predictive performance (RMSE, BIAS, PBIAS, and R²) with AGB estimates obtained from the pantropical equation. In addition, we performed agreement analyses (Bland–Altman analysis and concordance correlation coefficient - CCC) and statistical equivalence (TOST) in comparison with published allometric equations. In the forest fragment, the selected semi-logarithmic model explained 87% of the variation in AGB in the training dataset and showed an RMSE of 0.227 t and R² of 0.724 in relation to the reference values. For spaced and isolated urban trees, the second-order polynomial model explained 89% of the biomass variation and presented an RMSE of 0.376 t and R² of 0.901 in the same comparison, reflecting the higher structural heterogeneity of this context. In both cases, closer agreement was observed with equations calibrated for structurally analogous forest types, reinforcing the importance of allometric transferability. Overall, the results demonstrate that H e Ca captured substantial variation in AGB within the sampled structural domains, but the appropriate mathematical form differed between typologies. The models should therefore be interpreted as context-specific calibration equations rather than universally transferable models. Independent validation across sites and broader structural gradients is still required before operational extrapolation.
dissertação
A modelagem matemática a partir da teoria da atividade: reconstrução/reconfiguração de ambientes em uma escola
(2026-02-23) Rodrigues, Arlete Aparecida Ferreira; Rodrigues, Arlete Aparecida Ferreira; Andrade, José Antônio Araújo; Lago, Leonardo; Ramos, Daiany Cristiny
This study, grounded in Cultural-Historical Theory (CHT) and Activity Theory (AT), investigates how the significations generated by students through a Modeling Activity in Mathematics Education, focused on the reconstruction of school environments, contribute to the development of geometric concepts. The study was conducted with 18 first-year high school students from a public state school in Minas Gerais, Brazil, and centered on the reconstruction and reconfiguration of school environments. The organization of teaching was structured around investigative situations related to circulation, accessibility, and the use of school spaces, in which students analyzed concrete problems and mobilized geometric concepts to develop models and support decision-making. The research adopted a qualitative approach and used video recordings, students’ written and graphical records, observations, and the teacher-researcher’s field journal as data sources. Data analysis was carried out using the methodology of Signification Cores, proposed by Aguiar and Ozella (2006, 2013), with the aim of understanding the movements of thought produced throughout the students’ activity. The findings indicate processes of reorganization in the significations produced by the students, expressed through shifts from initially empirical and fragmented understandings toward more integrated ways of analyzing space, in which relationships among measurement, area, slope, and spatial organization progressively guided their decisions and justifications. Collaborative work, pedagogical mediation, and the development of models fostered the production of significations that connected everyday experiences with systematized geometric knowledge. The study indicates that the organization of teaching, by creating conditions for students to engage with meaningful problems related to the school environment, can foster the production of significations and create opportunities for movement toward theoretical thinking in Geometry.