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dissertação
Mapeamento do uso terapêutico e segurança da Cannabis sativa em Alzheimer, esclerose múltipla e Parkinson: revisão de escopo
(Universidade Federal de Lavras, 2026-05-29) Leite, Bruno da Silva; Dourado, Stela Márcia Pereira; Pereira, Luciano José; Soares, Mirelle Inácio; Pereira, Luciano José
Neurodegenerative diseases (Alzheimer's Disease, Parkinson's Disease, and Multiple Sclerosis) represent a growing global public health challenge, with conventional therapies showing limited efficacy. Cannabis sativa derivatives, especially cannabidiol (CBD) and delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), have attracted interest due to their pleiotropic properties and modulation of the Endocannabinoid System. The entourage effect suggests therapeutic superiority of full-spectrum formulations over chemical isolates. The objective of this study was to map the available scientific evidence on the therapeutic potential and safety profile of Cannabis sativa derivatives in adults and older adults with Alzheimer's Disease, Multiple Sclerosis, and Parkinson's Disease, identifying gaps in the literature. A scoping review was conducted according to the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) guidelines and reported following PRISMA-ScR. The search was performed in eight databases (PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Scopus, Science Direct, SciELO, LILACS, and Google Scholar) in June 2026, without language or period restrictions. Primary and secondary studies with data on therapeutic efficacy and safety in humans were included. Data synthesis was conducted using basic qualitative content analysis with an inductive approach. A total of 150 studies were included (77 primary and 73 secondary). Multiple Sclerosis concentrated the largest volume of evidence (62.7%), followed by Parkinson's Disease (19.3%) and Alzheimer's Disease (10.0%). The United Kingdom, Italy, and Brazil were the countries with the highest number of publications. In MS, nabiximols (THC:CBD) significantly reduced subjective spasticity (NRS) in 75.0% of RCTs, with responders ranging from 37% to 77.4%, although without objective changes on the Modified Ashworth Scale. In PD, results were inconsistent for motor symptoms but promising for non-motor symptoms (anxiety, quality of life, dyskinesia). In AD, benefits were concentrated on agitation control, without consistent cognitive effects. Full-spectrum formulations showed superior efficacy (77.1%) compared to isolates (35.0%). The safety profile was favorable, with mild to moderate adverse events (dizziness 14-59%, somnolence 5-42%, fatigue 6-62%). Cannabis derivatives present variable therapeutic potential depending on pathology and formulation, with more robust evidence for spasticity in MS and non-motor symptoms in PD. Gaps include dosage standardization, long-term evidence, objective biomarkers, and studies in older populations. Future research should prioritize clinical trials with active comparators and prolonged follow-up to consolidate clinical guidelines.
dissertação
Síntese multicomponente de derivados de quinolinas e suas aplicações como fungicida
(Universidade Federal de Lavras, 2026-08-28) Vargas, Elías Leonel; Thomasi, Sérgio Scherrer; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6493-0723; Bellete, Barbara Sayuri; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7063-9449; Souza, Jorge Teodoro de; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2970-4525; Oliveira, Lyege Magalhães; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8995-0317
The increase in agricultural losses caused by phytopathogenic fungi, associated with the intensive use of synthetic fungicides and the emergence of microbial resistance, has encouraged the search for new molecules with antifungal potential. In this context, nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds, such as quinolines and hexahydroquinolines, stand out due to their structural versatility and the wide range of biological activities reported in the literature. Therefore, this study aimed to synthesize, characterize, and evaluate the antifungal activity of hexahydroquinoline and quinoline-4-carboxylic acid derivatives against phytopathogenic fungi. The hexahydroquinoline derivatives were obtained through a Hantzsch-type multicomponent reaction using aromatic aldehydes, ethyl acetoacetate, cyclohexane-1,3-dione, and ammonium acetate. The quinoline-4- carboxylic acid derivatives were synthesized through an adaptation of the Doebner reaction, using substituted anilines, aromatic aldehydes, and sodium pyruvate. The obtained compounds were characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance, allowing confirmation of the proposed structures. Antifungal activity was evaluated by the poisoned food method in PDA medium against Fusarium graminearum and Alternaria alternata. The hexahydroquinoline derivatives showed low inhibitory efficiency against the evaluated fungi, with the fluorinated derivative showing a relatively better performance against F. graminearum. In contrast, the quinoline-4-carboxylic acid derivatives showed greater potential against A. alternata with EC50 values of approximately 160 and 240 ppm. Overall, the results indicate that the quinoline-4- carboxylic acid core showed greater antifungal potential than the hexahydroquinoline core under the evaluated conditions.
dissertação
Seletividade de herbicidas pré-emergentes a cultivares de feijão-comum
(Universidade Federal de Lavras, 2026-07-10) Manoel, Pedro Lucas de Carvalho; Melo, Christiane Augusta Diniz; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6385-2153; Moreira, Silvino Guimarães; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3631-0305; Silva, Amilton Ferreira da; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7122-2688; Carneiro, Vinícius Quintão; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9697-1423
Common bean has a limited number of herbicides registered for pre-emergence application. In this context, this study aimed to evaluate the selectivity of different pre-emergence herbicides in four common bean cultivars. Four experiments were conducted per growing season, one for each bean cultivar, at the Center for Development and Technology Transfer (CDTT) of the Federal University of Lavras, in Ijaci, Minas Gerais, Brazil, during the 2024/2025 and 2025/2026 growing seasons. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design (RCBD), with four replications. Eleven herbicides were applied in pre-emergence, either individually or in mixtures, as follows (g a.i. ha⁻¹): flumioxazin + pyroxasulfone (80 + 120); flumioxazin + imazethapyr (100 + 200); S-metolachlor + fomesafen (1294 + 284); flumioxazin + S-metolachlor (31.5 + 630); ethoxysulfuron (24); flumioxazin (50); pyroxasulfone (150); imazethapyr (106); S-metolachlor (960); pendimethalin (910); and linuron (450), in addition to two controls, with and without mechanical weed control. Four common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) genotypes were evaluated: IAC 1849, IAC 1850, IAC 2051, and TAA Marhe. Herbicides were applied immediately after crop sowing. Each plot consisted of five rows, six meters in length, spaced 0.6 m apart, with the three central rows considered the experimental unit. At 7, 14, 21, and 28 days after application (DAA), visual assessments of crop injury and weed control were performed in the useful area of each plot. Before harvest, the final bean plant population, plant height, number of pods per plant (NPP), and number of grains per plant (NGP) were evaluated. After bean harvest, the thousand-grain weight and yield were assessed, with yield corrected to 13% moisture content. Data were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA). When a significant effect was detected, herbicide treatment means were grouped using the Scott-Knott test at 5% significance level. In the 2024/2025 growing season, lower levels of crop injury and greater weed control efficiency were observed compared with the 2025/2026 growing season. It was concluded that ethoxysulfuron was selective for the TAA Marhe cultivar and S-metolachlor + fomesafen was selective for the IAC 1849 cultivar when applied in pre-emergence. The herbicides linuron, flumioxazin + S-metolachlor, S-metolachlor, S-metolachlor + fomesafen, flumioxazin, and pendimethalin were selective for the IAC 1850 cultivar, whereas linuron, flumioxazin + S-metolachlor, S-metolachlor + fomesafen, ethoxysulfuron, flumioxazin + pyroxasulfone, pendimethalin, and imazethapyr were selective for the IAC 2051 cultivar.
dissertação
Nostocaceae e Scytonemataceae isoladas de raízes de macrófitas aquáticas
(Universidade Federal de Lavras, 2026-06-30) Lima, Gustavo Henrique Pereira; Coelho, Flávia de Freitas; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9338-8128; Abreu, Carlos Godinho de; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6735-8283; Biondi, Michel; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0848-325X; Vaz, Marcelo Gomes Marçal Vieira; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1624-8281; Stein, Vanessa Cristina; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1412-0874
Heterocytous cyanobacteria are nearly ubiquitous organisms, inhabiting a wide variety of environments across the Earth's crust. The organisms, classified within the order Nostocales, are characterized by the presence of heterocytes, specialized cells responsible for an exclusive and ecologically significant function: biological nitrogen fixation. This adaptation enables members of Nostocales to colonize nitrogen-poor environments and establish symbiotic associations with organisms from numerous branches of the tree of life. In this study, we present the morphological characterization and molecular identification of nine strains belonging to the families Nostocaceae and Scytonemataceae, deposited in the Filamentous Cyanobacteria Collection (CFC) of the Federal University of Lavras (UFLA). These strains were isolated from the roots of Pistia stratiotes L. and Salvinia auriculata Aubl. Morphological identification and characterization were performed through light microscopy observations supported by specialized taxonomic literature. For molecular identification, the 16S rRNA gene was employed as a molecular marker. Phylogenetic analyses were conducted using Bayesian inference implemented in MrBayes, generating one phylogenetic tree for each family investigated. Lineages were identified in genera derived from Nostoc Bornet & Flahault and a species of the genus Brasilonema Fiore et al. The lineage P6109 was identified as Cronbergia amazonensis Genuário et al.
tese
Avaliação do comportamento sensorial de edulcorantes de estévia com diferentes composições químicas aplicados em mousse de chocolate vegano
(Universidade Federal de Lavras, 2025-10-29) Freire, Tassyana Vieira Marques; Pinheiro, Ana Carla Marques; Abreu, Luiz Ronaldo de; Souza, Vanessa Rios de; Bastos, Sabrina Carvalho; Lago, Rafael Carvalho do
Evidence linking excessive sugar consumption to obesity and diabetes has driven changes in dietary habits. At the same time, consumer preference for natural ingredients and uncertainties regarding the safety of artificial sweeteners have increased interest in natural alternatives. Among these, steviol glycosides (stevia) obtained from Stevia rebaudiana stand out, although their acceptance must be evaluated in real matrices. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the replacement of sucrose with five commercial stevia samples (A, B, C, D, and E) in vegan chocolate mousse, integrating sensory and analytical methods to guide the technological selection of sweeteners. Initially, for comparative studies, 22 panelists were selected and trained according to ISO 8586/8589 (sequential Wald screening) and performed Magnitude Estimation using 10% sucrose as reference. The log-concentration vs. log-intensity relationships followed Stevens’ Power Law for both sucrose and stevia samples (R² ≥ 0.9605). Equivalent concentrations were <0.15% w/w and sweetness potency ranged from 67.71× to 332.28×. HPLC characterization revealed compositional heterogeneity (Rebaudiosides M, D, C, and rubusoside), and PCA (PC1 = 50%; PC2 = 39%) showed a positive association between sweetness potency and RM (Stevia D: high RM) and a negative association with rubusoside (Stevia B: higheer R and lower potency). Temporal sensory results (TDS) showed that while sucrose exhibited the expected TDS profile (dominant and prolonged sweetness), stevia samples presented shorter curves, unstable dominance, and rapid transitions among attributes. This behavior reflects the complexity of the matrix and the chemical–sensory interactions between bitter compounds and steviol glycosides. Matrix effects emphasize that the sensory performance of natural sweeteners must be interpreted in the context of the final application, as texture, fat content, and cocoa phenolic compounds may alter perception kinetics, enhancing bitterness perception of less glycosylated steviol glycosides (RC and R), as seen in samples with Stevia B and E, and interfering with the sensory dominance of compounds associated with dominant sweetness profile and without undesirable residual (RM and RD), even in samples with high sweetening power. In conclusion, although steviol glycosides are high-intensity sweeteners, their sweetness potency and temporal sensory profiles vary according to their chemical composition and interactions within the food matrix. These findings reinforce the importance of controlling the chemical composition of glycoside blends to minimize undesirable aftertastes and achieve sensory balance. The results provide valuable insights for the food industry to support sucrose replacement strategies in different products.