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Tributirina e N-Carbamilglutamato para fêmeas suínas em gestação e lactação
(Universidade Federal de Lavras, 2024-09-30) Silva, Thais Oliveira; Abreu, Marvio Lobão Teixeira de; Cruz, Fábio Loures; Oliveira, Roberto Maciel de; Almeida, Flávio Vieira Martins de; Fonseca, Leonardo da Silva
Modern sow females are highly productive; however, this can impact their productive and reproductive performance, and consequently, the performance of their piglets. To mitigate the negative effects of hyperprolificacy, nutritional strategies have been studied. Among these, the supplementation of N-carbamylglutamate (NCG) and tributyrin for gestating and lactating sows stands out as compounds that have the potential to improve production indexes in swine production. However, there are few studies in the literature that report the effects of these compounds on the health and performance of sows and their influence on litter performance. In this context, the objective was to evaluate the effects of NCG and tributyrin supplementation in the diets of gestating and lactating sows on performance and parameters related to metabolism and physiology. Study 1 aimed to conduct a systematic review addressing the main aspects related to NCG supplementation for sow females in gestation and/or lactation, with seven articles selected to compose the study. An increase in the expression of genes important for reproductive performance was observed in sows supplemented with NCG. This compound was also able to modulate fundamental blood biochemical parameters for good animal performance, in addition to bringing positive results for the reproductive and productive performance of sows and piglets. NCG supplementation can positively influence important metabolic and physiological responses for hyperprolific sows and their litters. The second study aimed to evaluate the effects of NCG and tributyrin supplementation for sows during gestation and lactation on blood biochemical parameters and the performance of sows and their litters. The design used was completely randomized, with four treatments: Control - basal diet (N=40); Tributyrin - basal diet + 0.1% tributyrin (N=39); NCG - basal diet + 0.1% NCG (N=41); Tributyrin + NCG - basal diet + 0.1% tributyrin + 0.1% NCG (N=39). Each sow was considered a replicate. The provision of experimental diets began at 80 days of gestation and continued until the end of the lactation period (25 days). The diets provided to the sows influenced the evaluated blood biochemical parameters. Diets containing NCG or both NCG and tributyrin contributed to an increase in backfat thickness in sows at 110 days of gestation. Sows that received NCG supplementation or the combination of NCG and tributyrin during the final third of gestation had heavier piglets at birth. Regarding piglet performance in farrowing, there was an effect of experimental diets on piglet weight at weaning, total weight gain, and daily weight gain of piglets. Diets with NCG and tributyrin, whether combined or not, resulted in greater weight for piglets at weaning and also an increase in blood glucose levels. Thus, both NCG and tributyrin bring numerous benefits to the swine production chain, making them fundamental strategies to alleviate the consequences of hyperprolificacy
Dieta vegana para cães em crescimento
(Universidade Federal de Lavras, 2025-11-17) Alves, Susana Mantuani Reis; Silva, Vanessa Avelar; Orientador; Bertechini, Antonio Gilberto; Rocha Júnior, Carlos Magno da; Saad, Flávia Maria de Oliveira Borges; Souza, Camilla Mariane Menezes; dc.contributor.referee1; dc.contributor.referee2; dc.contributor.referee3; dc.contributor.referee4; dc.contributor.referee5
The increasing integration of companion animals into daily family life has driven the search for alternative diets, such as vegan diets, aligned with the owners' lifestyles. However, the nutritional adequacy of these plant-based diets for growing dogs is a challenge, due to the lack of robust scientific data. The objective of this study was to compare the effects of a Superpremium extruded dry vegan food (T2) with a conventional Superpremium food (T1) on the development of puppies. The study (CEUA No. 6475030724) used 24 puppies (Beagle and American Foxhound) in a completely randomized design with a 2x2 factorial arrangement (breeds x diets), evaluated from weaning (eight weeks) to six months of age. Weight, body condition score, and morphometric measurements were monitored weekly up to six months, with blood samples (complete blood count) collected at the end of this period. The data were subjected to statistical analysis using ANOVA and F tests. No statistical differences (p>0.05) for mean comparisons were observed for the main effect of diet on growth curves or morphometric measurements. The only significant interaction (p=0.006) occurred in total plasma proteins, which were higher in Beagle dogs in the T2 treatment; however, in both diets, the parameters were still within the established reference intervals for the species. Both diets were equivalent (p>0.05) for weight gain and health parameters. It is concluded that the evaluated vegan food was able to support puppy growth equivalently to the conventional diet, proving to be a viable and safe nutritional alternative for dogs.
Sistema antecipe para a estabilidade de produção de culturas
(Universidade Federal de Lavras, 2025-12-17) Guimarães, Lara Nascimento; Gonçalves, Adenilson Henrique; Karam, Décio; Gonçalves, Adenilson Henrique; Silva, Amilton Ferreira da; Karam, Décio; Peche, Pedro Maranha; Silva, Rodrigo Vieira da
Brazilian agriculture, characterized by its high productive complexity and strong economic relevance, faces increasing instability resulting from climate change, water deficit, irregular rainfall, and rising extreme temperatures. In this context, it becomes essential to adopt more resilient production systems,such asintercropped and intensified cropping, which serve as strategies to mitigate risks and promote agricultural sustainability. Among these technologies, the Antecipe System, developed by Embrapa, stands out as an innovative alternative to reduce climate risk in second-season maize and sorghum production. The system consists of the early inter-row sowing of these cereals into soybean crops still in the reproductive stage, allowing the second crop to be sown within the ideal window recommended by the Agricultural Zoning for Climate Risk (ZARC). This study aimed to evaluate the impact on soybean yield resulting from the traffic of the Antecipe System’s seeder-fertilizer during early sowing, and to assess the agronomic performance of maize and sorghum under early cultivation. The adoption of agricultural practices such as Crop-Livestock-Forest Integration (ILPF), Agroforestry Systems (SAFs), No-Till System (SPD), and intercropped cultivation strengthens the resilience of production systems in the face of climatic factors. Furthermore, the implementation of early cultivation through the Antecipe System, combined with the use of ZARC to define periods of lower climate risk, represents a strategy for more efficient, profitable, and sustainable agriculture. The results show that the Antecipe System increases maize and sorghum productivity by taking advantage of higher rainfall during crop development, compared to post-soybean cultivation, which is carried out under greater climate risk. In addition, the traffic of the Antecipe System’s seeder-fertilizer between soybean rows does not compromise soybean yield. The adoption of this practice, in synergy with other agricultural technologies that enhance its benefits, promotes an agriculture focused not only on productivity but also on long-term sustainability.
Sustainable valorization of sugarcane bagasse into biochar-metal oxides and lignin for herbicide removal
(Universidade Federal de Lavras, 2025-11-19) Souza, Thamiris Ferreira de; Ferreira, Guilherme Max Dia; Lobato, Raphael Longuinhos Monteiro; Pinto, Luciana de Matos Alves; Tonoli, Gustavo Henrique Denzin; Hespanhol, Maria do Carmo
The generation of agro-industrial residues and water contamination by pesticides represent environmental challenges that require sustainable and innovative strategies. In this context, sugarcane bagasse was explored through two approaches: (i) pyrolysis for the production of biochar-metal oxide composites based on Mn and Fe, and (ii) fractionation using deep eutectic solvents (DES), both aiming at waste valorization and the development of new adsorbent materials. The produced materials were characterized using different techniques and evaluated for the removal of synthetic herbicides from aqueous media, including 2,4- dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), 4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid (4-CPA), and picloram. Mnbased biochar–metal oxide composites were obtained from bagasse modified with MnCl₂ and KMnO₄ via immersion, followed by pyrolysis at 400 °C, assessing the effect of different Mn precursors on composite formation and their role in 2,4-D adsorption. Fe-based biochar–metal oxide composites, using FeCl₃ as the metal precursor and produced at different pyrolysis temperatures (400 and 600 °C), were applied to the removal of 2,4-D and 4-CPA, evaluating the influence of the adsorbate molecular structure on the removal process. Bimetallic Fe/Mn composites were prepared through pre-pyrolytic modification by immersion and coprecipitation and applied to the removal of 2,4-D and picloram. Fractions obtained from the optimized delignification process of sugarcane bagasse were also applied to 2,4-D removal. Experimental assays investigated the effects of pH and ionic strength, adsorption kinetics and isotherms, as well as reuse potential. Theoretical studies based on Density Functional Theory (DFT) contributed to understanding the interaction mechanisms between herbicides and the monometallic composites. For the bimetallic materials, leaching tests evaluated metal behavior and distribution under adsorption conditions. Adsorption mechanisms were elucidated by XPS analysis, and phytotoxicity tests using seeds assessed the environmental safety of the materials. The results demonstrated that modulation of the physicochemical properties of the composites determines herbicide removal efficiency, material stability, and environmental safety, with the type of metal precursor, modification route, and pyrolysis temperature being key variables. Additionally, the lignin fractions obtained showed potential for 2,4-D removal. The proposed strategies for producing innovative remediation materials enabled the valorization of agroindustrial residues, contributing to the protection of water resources and, consequently, to the preservation of terrestrial life.
Estratégias de manejo do cafeeiro com foco na mitigação dos impactos das mudanças climáticas
(Universidade Federal de Lavras, 2025-08-20) Cunha, Samuel Henrique Braga da; Castanheira, Dalyse Toledo; Rezende, Tiago Teruel; Andrade, Alan Carvalho; Carvalho, Milene Alves de Figueiredo; Baliza, Danielle Pereira
Over the years, coffee farming has been failing to achieve higher productivity levels, mainly due to the occurrence of extreme climatic factors. In the face of challenges such as these, studies aimed at ensuring greater climatic resilience of plants have become increasingly necessary. In this context, the objective of this study was to evaluate the responses of coffee plants under different management strategies designed to mitigate the effects of climatic adversities. The research was conducted under field conditions at the Federal University of Lavras (UFLA), in Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil, from November 2020 to August 2024. The experiment was carried out using the cultivar Mundo Novo IAC 376-4. The treatments were arranged in a 3 × 5 factorial scheme in strips, within a randomized complete block design, with three replications, totaling 45 experimental plots. Three types of soil cover (polyethylene film, Brachiaria grass, and spontaneous vegetation) and five agronomic techniques (coffee husk, organic compost/biochar, agricultural gypsum, chitosan, and a control treatment) were evaluated. In the first study, anatomical, biochemical, and physiological characteristics of the plants were evaluated during the establishment phase of the crop. In the second study, the same characteristics were assessed during the productive phase of the crop. In the third study, production components, fruit maturation, bean size (sieve classification), yield, income, processing yield, and beverage quality were evaluated. In the first and third studies, k-means analysis was performed to understand the overall dispersion and grouping of treatments. In the second study, canonical discriminant analysis was applied in order to express the behavior of the studied factors as a function of the analyzed characteristics. According to the results obtained, anatomical, biochemical, and physiological responses varied according to soil cover types and agronomic techniques. In addition, management strategies were shown to help reduce stress under different climatic conditions. Regarding production, soil cover use influenced the productive responses of coffee plants, especially the fruit maturation process.