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tese
Evaluation of wheat blast resistance and AI-based digital phenotyping for parent selection in wheat breeding
(Universidade Federal de Lavras, 2026-08-19) Teixeira, Camila Helena; Nunes, José Airton Rodrigues; Condé, Aurinelza Batista Teixeira; Fritsche-Neto, Roberto; Pádua, José Maria Villela; Maciel, João Leodato Nunes; Kelly, Heather Mary; Olivoto, Tiago
Wheat blast, caused by the fungus Pyricularia oryzae Triticum lineage (PoTl), is one of the major diseases threatening wheat crops in tropical and subtropical regions, which can cause severe yield losses. Since conventional resistance assessment is labor-intensive and genetic resistance is essential for management, the objective of this study was to evaluate the resistance of 20 wheat cultivars to four PoTl isolates, analyze the cultivar × isolate interaction via diallel analysis to identify promising parents, and develop an image analysis pipeline integrated with convolutional neural networks (CNN) to automate severity estimation. Greenhouse experiments were conducted in 2024 and 2025. The evaluated traits were Disease Severity (DS), Area Under the Disease Progress Curve (AUDPC), Number of Grains per Spike (NGS), Number of Shriveled Grains (NSG), and Grain Weight (GW). Statistical analysis revealed significant effects for the interactions among cultivar, isolate, and year. Diallel analysis evidenced differential aggressiveness among isolates and identified genotypes with high general combining ability. Based on the MGIDI index, the cultivars TBIO Convicto, MGS Brilhante, TBIO Calibre, ORS Soberano, and BRS 404 were selected as promising for use as parents in breeding programs in Brazil. Concurrently, 11 days after inoculation, images of the spikes were obtained, which were segmented from the background in PNG format with a transparent background. To perform the segmentation and separation between healthy and symptomatic tissues, the k-means algorithm was applied to the Hue (H) and Saturation (S) channels. Severity was quantified, and the spikes were categorized into four reaction classes. Three CNN models based on the YOLOv11 nano architecture were trained using transfer learning. The use of image processing effectively estimated the diseased area with higher accuracy than human visual assessment, showing a Lin's concordance correlation coefficient of 0.85. The general classification model achieved up to 99% accuracy in internal validation and maintained satisfactory performance in validation with independent images. It is concluded that the image pipeline is promising for digital phenotyping and that the selected genotypes constitute strategic sources of resistance for wheat farming.
tese
Implicações ao bem-estar financeiro: um modelo integrativo sob a perspectiva das finanças comportamentais
(Universidade Federal de Lavras, 2026-08-11) Oliveira, Karina Kelen da Cruz; Carvalho, Francisval de Melo; Lima, André Luis Ribeiro; Oliveira, Alessandro Silva de; Padro, José Willer do; Costa, Daniel Fonseca; Andrade, Lélis Pedro de
In recent years, market transformations and changes in financial systems have increased the responsibility of individuals for managing their own economic security. In this context, the concept of financial well-being has garnered growing attention within the field of Behavioral Finance, reflecting an acknowledgment of the influence finance has on people's lives. Given this importance, this study aimed to understand—from a Behavioral Finance perspective—if and how family financial socialization, financial literacy, and overconfidence interact to shape the perception of financial well-being. To this end, the research adopted a hybrid multi-method approach grounded in a realist ontological stance, an objectivist epistemological stance, and a positivist paradigm, resulting in two articles. The first is an integrative literature review based on the Scopus and Web of Science databases, which sought to understand the implications of family financial socialization, financial literacy, and cognitive biases for the perception of financial well-being. The results revealed that financial well-being is a multifaceted and contextual construct associated not only with financial knowledge but also with psychological, behavioral, and social factors. The analysis further demonstrated that financial literacy and family financial socialization interact synergistically, and that the heterogeneous results found in the literature stem, in part, from a lack of integrated and contextualized analyses of these phenomena; consequently, an integrative theoretical framework was proposed to guide future research. The second study consists of quantitative, cross-sectional field research aimed at proposing a structural model to describe if and how family financial socialization, financial literacy, and the cognitive bias of overconfidence interact to shape the perception of individual financial well-being. To achieve this, an exploratory and explanatory quantitative field study was conducted, with data analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). A survey-based data collection method was employed, involving teachers from the state public school system in a municipality in southern Minas Gerais. The results demonstrated that financial behavior, financial attitude, overconfidence, and family financial socialization had significant effects on financial well-being—with financial behavior being the construct with the greatest impact—whereas financial knowledge showed no significant relationship. It was also found that overconfidence is positively associated with financial wellbeing, particularly when operationalized through appropriate financial behaviors. The primary finding, however, concerns family financial socialization; this proved to be not only a direct antecedent of financial well-being but also a negative moderator of the relationships between financial attitude, financial behavior, and financial well-being. This suggests a compensatory effect, wherein family influence is more significant when individuals have a lower level of development regarding these individual resources. Thus, this thesis contributes to advancing the literature by highlighting the multifactorial nature of financial well-being and providing insights for policies and initiatives aimed at strengthening individuals' financial security and quality of life.
dissertação
Associação entre insegurança alimentar, índice inflamatório da dieta e parâmetros antropométricos de risco cardiometabólico em adultos assistidos por um Banco Municipal de Alimentos em Minas Gerais
(Universidade Federal de Lavras, 0026-05-29) Botelho, Dyovanna Carvalho; Castro, Isabela Coelho de; Caivano, Simone; Pereira, Michel Cardoso de Angelis; Castro, Isabela Coelho de
Food insecurity (FI) is one of the main public health problems, affecting mainly households headed by Black and mixed-race women with lower levels of education. Studies indicate an association between FI and undernutrition and obesity, indicated not only by the occurrence of nutritional deficiencies, but also by alterations in dietary patterns and anthropometric parameters that increase the risk of cardiometabolic diseases. Thus, the objective of this research was to verify the association of FI with anthropometric parameters of cardiometabolic risk, such as Body Mass Index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), neck circumference (NC), waist-to-height ratio (WHR), and the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII). This is a cross-sectional study conducted with adults assisted by the Lavras Municipal Food Bank (BMAL), whose data collection was divided into two phases. In the first, the presence of FI was assessed using the Food Insecurity Risk Screening Instrument (TRIA). At the same time, socioeconomic data, anthropometric measurements, and dietary data were collected through the application of the first 24-hour dietary recall for the calculation of the IID (Inflammation Index). In the second phase, another 24-hour recall was applied. For statistical analysis, the JAMOVI software version 2.6.44 was used, in which the variables were tested for normality using the Shapiro-Wilk test. For statistical differences, the T-test was used for parametric samples and the Mann-Whitney test for non-parametric samples in quantitative variables. The Chi-square test was applied to test the association between categorical variables, and different statistical approaches were used to test the association between IA (Inflammation Index) and the inflammation score, including association tests, rank correlation, and multivariate regression models, with a significance level of 5% and a 95% confidence interval. It was found that the population assisted by BMAL was predominantly female 82.3% (n=79), of African descent 87.4% (n=76), with a median age of 31 years, with an income below one minimum wage 66.7% (n=50), and at risk of food insecurity 70.8% (n=68). Furthermore, 53.8% (n=48) showed a BMI indicating overweight, 58.1% (n=54) were at risk of cardiometabolic diseases for waist circumference, 60.2% (n=56) for chest circumference, and 60.4% (n=55) for waist-to-height ratio. No continuous anthropometric measure showed a significant association with the risk of food insecurity. In addition, the results were consistent in not showing statistical significance in food insecurity and weight-related diseases, indicating independence between the variables in the studied sample. Thus, it can be stated that there was no significant association between the risk of food intolerance and anthropometric parameters, nor even with dietary profile, probably because this is a population that is part of a municipal assistance program and, therefore, in a state of socioeconomic vulnerability. Therefore, when considering the nutritional status of the population assisted by the BMAL (Basic Health Unit), it is necessary to maintain assistance to families registered with the BMAL, considering the intersectionality in improving dietary patterns and preventing NCDs (Non-Communicable Diseases).
dissertação
Secagem em camada de espuma de manga: otimização do processo e da qualidade nutricional do pó
(Universidade Federal de Lavras, 2026-07-03) Correa, Jefferson Luiz Gomes; Silveira, Paula Giarolla; Petri Junior, Irineu; Macedo, Leandro Levate; Jesus, Josane Cardim de
Tommy Atkins mango (Mangifera indica L.) is a tropical fruit of high nutritional and economic importance, distinguished by its content of β-carotene, vitamin C, and phenolic compounds. However, its high perishability results in significant postharvest losses, making it necessary to adopt technologies that enable its preservation and value addition.In this context, the present study aimed to produce stable mango powder through foam-mat drying (FMD), evaluating the effects of different foaming agents and ethanol addition on drying kinetics and the physicochemical properties of the final product. Initially, the formulations were optimized using a Central Composite Rotational Design (CCRD), employing albumin and whey protein as foaming agents and xanthan gum as a stabilizer. The optimal conditions obtained were 8.02% whey protein without xanthan gum addition and 7.13% albumin associated with 0.54% xanthan gum, resulting in foams with low density and high stability. Drying was carried out in a convective tunnel dryer at temperatures of 50 °C and 70 °C, with and without ethanol application. The results demonstrated that increasing temperature and adding ethanol significantly accelerated water removal, reducing drying time by up to 43% for the whey protein containing formulation at 70 °C. The powders obtained were characterized in terms of moisture content, water activity, solubility, hygroscopicity, and color parameters. The ethanol-treated samples exhibited lower residual moisture content and improved drying performance, contributing to the production of powders with characteristics suitable for storage and industrial applications. The formulation containing whey protein combined with ethanol showed the most promising results in terms of process efficiency. It was concluded that the combination of foam-mat drying and ethanol application constitutes an efficient strategy for producing mango powder with suitable physical properties, contributing to the agro-industrial valorization of the fruit and to the reduction of postharvest losses.
Video
Mapeamentos de processos e fluxogramas da Biblioteca Universitária
(2026-09-28) Ribeiro, Nivaldo Calixto; Cunha, Simone Assis Medeiros
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