Avaliação da micoflora e ocorrência de micotoxinas em cascas de amendoim em diferentes estágios de maturação da vagem

Abstract

Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) hulls are very important because they are used as litter to poultry and dairy cattle and as fiber source to cattle. The elucidation of the peanuts contamination mechanisms by toxigenic fungi and their mycotoxins is vital, specially for prevention measurements. The peanuts total mycoflora and mycotoxin contamination were analyzed in plants sampled in Junqueirópolis, in São Paulo State (Brazil) at different stages of the pod maturity. The prevalent mycoflora in peanut hulls were Fusarium spp., Rhizopus spp. and Aspergillus flavus. In soil under the peanut crop, the genus Penicillium spp., Fusarium spp. and A. flavus were detected. Aflatoxins were detected in peanut hull samples since filling pod stage in concentrations from 5.42 μg/kg to 218.52 μg/kg. Cyclopiazonic acid and fumonisins were not detected. The A. flavus presence and the detection of aflatoxins indicate the importance of quality control of peanut hulls before their utilization, and the adoption of agricultural practices showed to avoid the contamination since the peanut pods contamination happened before the harvest.