Como a comunidade de aves se distribui nas fitofisionomias de uma paisagem montana ecotonal do sudeste brasileiro?

Abstract

The bird community is used as a reference for environmental quality and is easily observed during the day, as it uses different strata and environments for interactions and foraging. This bioindication helps in understanding the degree of conservation and/or preservation of the different areas, which helps in decision-making by managers at municipal, state or federal levels. However, few researchs deal mountain environments, because of CONAMA Resolution No. 303, of March 20, 2002, which provides that some mountainous areas are Permanent Preservation Areas (Área de Preservação Permante in Portuguese - APP). However, it is known that these environments are poorly supervised and many of them undergo high human intervention. And the situation is even more delicate when it comes to ecotonal areas between world hotspots, as they present an increase in diversity and share endemic elements of both domains. Given this scenario, this thesis aims to describe the distribution of the bird community in phytophysiognomies of ecotonal montane landscapes, with the aim of creating solid bases to guide public policies in future projects. Observations were obtained non-invasively, with the aid of binoculars, photographic records, and recordings. These records were tested according to each question/objective of the article in question, through uni and/or multivariate analyses. Focusing on different mountainous areas in southeastern Brazil and addressing some endangered species, the articles in this thesis use data collected over several years to present differences between phytophysiognomies and new specific information, as the bird community coincides with vegetational elements. In addition, we present new information that does not corroborate the literature on birds, which is an evolutionary change in phenotypic plasticities in the face of the advancement of human actions in mountainous environments.