dissertação
Toxicidade de produtos fitossanitários utilizados na cultura de citros a operárias de Apis mellifera Linnaeus, 1758 (Hymenoptera: Apidae)
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UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE LAVRAS
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Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a toxicidade de alguns produtos fitossanitários utilizados na cultura de citros para a abelha polinizadora Apis mellifera Linnaeus. Os experimentos foram realizados em delineamento inteiramente casualizado e os tratamentos foram formados pelos produtos (nome comercial): thiamethoxam (Actara 250WG), deltamethrin (Decis 25CE), lufenuron (Match CE), tebufenozide (Mimic 240SC), propargite (Omite 720CE), cyhexatin (Sipcatin 500SC), methidathion (Supracid 400CE) e abamectin (Vertimec 18CE), utilizados na maior dosagem recomendada pelo fabricante para a cultura. Para a aplicação dos produtos, utilizaram-se técnicas de pulverização direta sobre os adultos, pulverização de superfície de placas de Petri, imersão de folhas de citros e incorporação em pasta Cândi. As abelhas foram coletadas em uma única colméia, sendo anestesiadas com CO2 por dois minutos para o manuseio e montagem dos bioensaios, que foram mantidos sob temperatura de 25±2oC, UR de 70±10% e fotofase de 12 horas. Constatou-se que, independentemente do modo de aplicação, thiamethoxam e methidathion foram altamente tóxicos às abelhas, gastando, em média, 22,5 horas para matarem 100% das operárias. Abamectin foi extremamente tóxico em todos os ensaios, com média de 98% de mortalidade, às 48 horas. Deltamethrin foi medianamente tóxico às abelhas, com média de 45% de mortalidade nos quatros bioensaios. Propargite foi tóxico no ensaio de pasta Cândi contaminada, com média de 75% de mortalidade e, nos demais testes, foi pouco tóxico, com média de 12% de mortalidade. Lufenuron, tebufenozide e cyhexatin não apresentaram quaisquer efeitos deletérios sobre os adultos de A. mellifera, sendo considerados seletivos, com médias de 8,3%; 4,3% e 4,3% de mortalidade, respectivamente.
The toxic effects of some pesticides registered for use in citrus crops, to workers of Apis mellifera Linnaeus, were evaluated in the laboratory. The experiments were carried out in a completely randomized design and the pesticides (commercial formulations) tested were: thiamethoxam (Actara 250WG), deltamethrin (Decis 25CE), lufenuron (Match CE), tebufenozide (Mimic 240SC), methidathion (Supracid 400CE) and abamectin (Vertimec 18CE). Four bioassays were carried out, corresponding to different forms of exposure of the insects to the pesticides: topical spraying, contaminated food (Candy paste) and contact with treated Petri dishes or citrus leaves. The rates of application of the pesticides were based on their highest recommended rates for citrus crops. The bees were collected from a single hive, being anesthetized with CO2 for two minutes for the handling and setting of the bioassays, which were carried out under temperature of 25±2oC, RH of 70±10% and 12-hour photophase. It was found that, regardless of the mode of application, both thiamethoxan and methidathion were highly toxic to the bees, causing 100% of mortality after about 22h of exposure, on average among the bioassays. Abamectin was extremely toxic, with a mean of 98% of mortality among the bioassays, after 48h of exposure. Deltamethrin was medially toxic to the bees, with a mean of 45% of mortality in the four bioassays at the end experiment. Propargite was toxic in the bioassay of contaminated Candy paste with a mean of 75% of mortality; in the other bioassays this compound was little toxic, causing less than 12% of mortality. Lufenuron, tebufenozide and cyhexatin did not present any deleterious effects on the adults of A. mellifera, being considered selective, with means of 8.3, 4.3 and 4.3% of mortality, respectively, among the bioassays.
The toxic effects of some pesticides registered for use in citrus crops, to workers of Apis mellifera Linnaeus, were evaluated in the laboratory. The experiments were carried out in a completely randomized design and the pesticides (commercial formulations) tested were: thiamethoxam (Actara 250WG), deltamethrin (Decis 25CE), lufenuron (Match CE), tebufenozide (Mimic 240SC), methidathion (Supracid 400CE) and abamectin (Vertimec 18CE). Four bioassays were carried out, corresponding to different forms of exposure of the insects to the pesticides: topical spraying, contaminated food (Candy paste) and contact with treated Petri dishes or citrus leaves. The rates of application of the pesticides were based on their highest recommended rates for citrus crops. The bees were collected from a single hive, being anesthetized with CO2 for two minutes for the handling and setting of the bioassays, which were carried out under temperature of 25±2oC, RH of 70±10% and 12-hour photophase. It was found that, regardless of the mode of application, both thiamethoxan and methidathion were highly toxic to the bees, causing 100% of mortality after about 22h of exposure, on average among the bioassays. Abamectin was extremely toxic, with a mean of 98% of mortality among the bioassays, after 48h of exposure. Deltamethrin was medially toxic to the bees, with a mean of 45% of mortality in the four bioassays at the end experiment. Propargite was toxic in the bioassay of contaminated Candy paste with a mean of 75% of mortality; in the other bioassays this compound was little toxic, causing less than 12% of mortality. Lufenuron, tebufenozide and cyhexatin did not present any deleterious effects on the adults of A. mellifera, being considered selective, with means of 8.3, 4.3 and 4.3% of mortality, respectively, among the bioassays.
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CARVALHO, S. M. Toxicidade de produtos fitossanitários utilizados na cultura de citros a operárias de Apis mellifera Linnaeus, 1758 (Hymenoptera: Apidae). 2006. 72 p. Dissertação (Mestrado em Agronomia/Entomologia)-Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, 2006.