Desempenho agronômico de progênies de Coffea arabica L. em sistema irrigado e sequeiro

Abstract

Climate forecasts point to rising global warming in the coming decades, which could be accompanied by an increase in drought periods. The water deficit can be considered one of the main coffee limiting growth factors, and in any coffee producing region, no t only in Brazil, the drought is considered the main environmental stress capable of affecting the development and coffee production. In view of these facts, the objective in this work was the selection of coffee trees progenies that present greater tolerance to water deficit, from the coffee tree genetic improvement program of EPAMIG by means of phytotechnical analyzes, in order to find one or more genotypes that show high drought tolerance, for further selections and improvements in the breeding program. The experiment was implemented in the municipality of Diamantina - MG, in a private property called Sagarana Farm, located in the region of the Jequitinhonha Valley. Ten promising arabic coffee genotypes were planted in the area, with drought tolerance characteristics of the EPAMIG Genetic Improvement Program, under not irrigated and irrigated conditions, with four replications, totaling 80 plots, and the irrigation method used was by drip irrigation. A randomized block design was used in plots with plots subdivided on time. Growth, height, crown and stem diameter, leaf area index, productivity, yield, sieve, fruit drop, root volume and area were evaluated. The results showed that genotypes 7 (H-419-5-2-4-18), 9 (H-419-5-4-5-6-1), 12 (H-419-6-2-7-1-1) and 19 (H-516-2-1-1-7-1) were the ones that presented the highest productivity among the ten evaluated genotypes. In relation to fruit drop, all genotypes followed the same trend, occurring greater fall in the chumbon stage for both not irrigated and irrigated conditions.