Catalisadores de zircônia sulfatada e compósitos carvão ativado/zircônia sulfatada para produção de biodiesel e etanol

Abstract

The objectives of thys study were to characterize the phenolic compounds and antioxidant activities and assess the insecticide of cassava leaves flour (CLF). Mature leaves of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz cv. Loaf China) were collected at 12 months of age of the plant and transported to the laboratory. The leaves were rinsed in water and then placed in ovens with forced air drying for 48 hours at a temperature between 30oC and 35oC. After drying, the leaves were milled to obtain the CLF. The characterization of phenolic compounds was performed by high performance liquid chromatography in three different extracts: 50% methanol, methanol, and ethanol 50%/acetona70%. To evaluate the antioxidant and hepatoprotective activity, the rats received intraperitoneal doses of carbon tetrachloride and daily doses of ethanol extract / acetone at different concentrations, by gavage. We assessed markers of liver function enzymes aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT), and lipid peroxidation, determining the concentration of albumin and serum protein, total lipids in the liver and analysis Histopathological. Insecticidal activity was tested by incorporating the methanolic extract of the CLF in the diet, which was exposed to Spodoptera frugiperda in order to evaluate the biological characteristics. Sublethal activity of the extract was also evaluated after the emergence of insects. Moreover, the methanol extract was solubilized and applied in Atta leaf cutter ants. We found six phenolic compounds in extracts of CLF: gallic acid, gallocatechin, catechin, chlorogenic acid, and epigallocatechin goal coumaric acid, and 50% methanol extract which revealed the presence of many of these compounds. Among the phenolic CLF, independent extract, catechin was the majority. The ethanol extract / acetone showed hepatoprotective, decreasing the levels of AST, ALT, GGT, lipid peroxidation and enhancing the levels of albumin and total protein. Already methanol extract PA reduced the survival of ants and caterpillars, and present effects such as reduction in the number of eggs and increase the time needed for the development of S. frugiperda.