Atributos biológicos, químicos e físicos em lavouras cafeeiras orgânica e convencional com ou sem plantas de cobertura nas entrelinhas

Abstract

The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of cover crops on soil quality, on the diversity of filamentous fungi, soil macro and mesofauna, on the floristic and phytosociological composition, on the yield and quality of Arabica coffee beverage in conventional and organic production systems. The experiment was conducted in Fazenda Cachoeira, in Santo Antônio do Amparo-MG. Biological, microbiological and chemical and atributes were assessed, in addition to yield and beverage quality. The chemical attributes that showed greater weight in the differentiation of cultivars in different environments and management were: Mn, Zn, P, V, pH, K, Ca, V%, CTC, Mg, Cu and S. For the microbiological attributes, β -glucosidase, urease, respiration, CBM and qCO2 showed greater capacity of cultivar differentiation. We collected a total of 27,168 individuals belonging to three phyla, two classes and 14 orders macro and mesofauna. The most abundant orders were Collembola, Hemiptera and Coleoptera. As for the functional groups, the most frequent were detritivores/decomposers, phytophagous/herbivores and phytophagous. The organic production system had a positive effect on abundance and richness. The predominant genera the fungi were: Aspergillus, Cladosporium, Fusarium, Penicilium, Trichoderma, Talaromyces, Paecolmyces and Rhizopus. The functional groups are predominantly saprotrophic, biological control and facultative fungi. CTC, SB, Exchange capacity, base saturation, pH, Zn, Mn, Mg, P, Ca, S and K are more related on the diversity of filamentous fungi. A total of 41 weed species were found and described, which were distributed in 38 genera and 19 families with the predominance of Poaceae and Asteraceae. The most abundant species were Cyperus sp. and Urochloa decumbens Staf. that occurred simultaneously in all treatments and showed greater importance (IVI) among weeds. The similarity index is generally low, indicating that the weed community was affected by the presence and absence of cover crops. The dried fruits had good beverage quality. The main nuances observed were fruity, caramel, chocolate and floral. The production systems affected the sensory analysis and the performance in the content analysis. The organic system presented better performance against all the estimates used in the conventional system.