Estudo do comportamento de blocos cerâmicos queimados com adição de fibras de resíduos industriais

Abstract

Burnt ceramic bricks (BCBs) are widely used materials, which require a constant improvement of their raw-material and their manufacturing processes. Many studies are necessary to this improvement in order to develop new technologies. The reuse of industrial waste to obtain a new composite material have been instigating international researches. By this way, the objectives of this study were: to evaluate and characterize the raw-material to produce common ceramic bricks and composite ceramic bricks, produced in an industry located in the south of the Minas Gerais in Brazil; to evaluate mechanical, chemical and physical characteristics of the common bricks and to compare with the characteristics of composite bricks made by the addition of sugar-cane bagasse fiber (SCBF) and fiber of reinforced plastic with fiber glass (FPRFG). The raw-materials (soil, sugar-cane bagasse and the residue of reinforced plastic with fiber glass) were processed, characterized and the ceramic mixtures were prepared to produce the composite bricks, in quantity of 0 to 7,5% in weight of fiber added to soil. The chemical characteristics of the soil, SCBF and FPRFG used to produce the bricks were evaluated by X-Ray fluorescence. The limits of consistency of the soil were evaluated by Atterberg limits of consistency method as well as the texture analysis. In order to evaluate the characteristics of the burnt ceramic bricks were performed the tests of compressive strength (CS), thermal conductivity (TC), water absorption (WA) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The fuzzy system was developed to evaluate the best proportion of the raw-material mixture, to obtain bricks more resistent, lighter and less thermal conductivity. Therefore, the addition of FPRFG in quantity of 2,5% and 5,0% increased the CS of the bricks in 49,18% and 47,54%, respectively, and the developed fuzzy system presented R2 of 0,996, 0,991 e 0,995, to CS, TC and WA, respectively, that showed the efficiency of the model for decision making about the raw-material mixture characteristics.