Prevalência da deficiência de vitamina D e baixos níveis de ferritina em gestantes atendidas pelo serviço público de saúde de Lavras - MG

Abstract

Pregnancy is a phase in a woman's life that represents the formation of a new being, beginning at conception, extending for approximately 40 weeks and ending with childbirth. Although it is a physiological process, it is a moment of vulnerability. In Brazil, in the area of public health, maternal and child care is a priority area, because even with the reduction in infant mortality in recent years, there is still a significant percentage of deaths, these caused by causes mainly related to health services, especially prenatal care. Prenatal care in primary care aims to ensure the proper development of pregnancy, providing better perinatal outcomes. The evaluation of biochemical tests becomes opportune together with the evaluation of food consumption during pregnancy, since it allows early identification of nutritional disorders related to deficiency and / or excess of nutrients. The aim of this study is to investigate the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and the prevalence of insufficient ferritin values in pregnant women attended by the public health network in Lavras - MG. Data related to socioeconomic, demographic, obstetric and nutritional conditions were collected through structured questionnaires and elaborated following standardized and validated methodologies and instruments and adapted to the reality of the study population that assessed socioeconomic, obstetric and nutritional conditions, food security situation through the Brazilian Food Insecurity Scale, anthropometry by gestational BMI and Food Frequency Questionnaire adapted for pregnant women with food sources of vitamin D and iron. Among the 67 pregnant women who participated in the study, 32.8% had 25-hydroxy-vitamin D deficiency and 37.3% had insufficient ferritin levels. Inadequate weekly consumption of vitamin D was found in 58.2% of the sample, with average consumption statistically (p = 0.047) being lower in pregnant women with vitamin D deficiency. Weekly iron consumption was inadequate in the entire sample. The evidence that more than a third of pregnant women had vitamin D deficiency and low levels of ferritin associated with inadequate consumption of vitamin D and iron and the potential impact of this on maternal and fetal health reinforce the need for regular assessment of these conditions during pre -natural, in order to diagnose inadequate eating habits and non-adherence to supplementation in order to avoid nutritional deficiencies and promote the improvement of the quality of maternal and child life.