Combinações de análises físico-químicas e técnicas analíticas para detecção da parafina à cera de Apis mellifera Linnaeus

Abstract

The objective was to analyze physical and chemically the wax of Apis mellifera in which were added different paraffin contents. The evaluations were performed by gas chromatography techniques associated mass spectrometry (GC-MS) spectroscopy in the infrared with Fourier transform (FT-IR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and physic-chemical analyzes, which include acid value, saponification value and melting temperature, therefore, it was used wax containing paraffin in different proportions, corresponding to 1.5%; 3%; 6%; 12%; 24% and 48%. The sample preparation was conducted at the Entomology Department (DEN/UFLA) and analyzed at the Chemistry Department, central analysis and chemical prospecting (CAPQ/DQI-UFLA). The data set from the GC-MS and FT-IR analysis was analyzed using pattern recognition, which involved the principal component analysis (PCA) and the analysis of Hierarchical Components (HCA). The GC-MS analysis identified 21 compounds in pure wax A. mellifera and wax with paraffin, and by analysis of PCA and HCA, the sample containing 48% paraffin (T6 ) was the most possible to detect the presence of paraffin in the wax . In the analyzing of the acid value was found that increasing the paraffin wax content caused the acidity reduction when compared with pure wax. Saponification analysis reveals that this technique can not be considered satisfactory for the detection of adding paraffin in the wax. The DSC analysis shows a decrease in melting temperature according increasing addition of paraffin, leading to inconsistent results with pre-defined parameter in the literature when it is added paraffin above 12%. The results were conclusive and allowed to characterize a wax sample with paraffin addition.