Aplicação da análise fatorial para identificação dos principais indicadores de desempenho econômico-financeiro em instituições financeiras bancárias

Abstract

This study aims at identifying the most relevant economic and financial indicators for evaluating the performance of banking financial institutions by using the factor analysis. A total of 118 banking financial institutions with activities in Brazil over the years 2011 to 2014 are encompassed. It was carried out a quantitative and descriptive study. For data analysis, the statistical technique of factor analysis was used. In the application process of that technique, the overall appropriateness of the model and of each variable were verified, in order to identify key indicators that will compose the analysis of banks. The study was developed from an initial set of 17 indicators used to analyze the economic and financial performance of such institutions. Following the criteria of factor analysis techniques, the indicators that explain the maximum of variance from the smallest possible number of variables were selected. The results show that the most relevant indicators for evaluating the performance of such institutions are: Return on Total Investment, Net Margin, Return on Equity, Ratio of Capital to Deposits, Loans/Deposits Ratio, Immediate Liquidity, Voluntary Fit and Interest Rate Sensitivity. These 8 indicators can also be replaced by 3 factors, which explain about 89,23% of the overall data range. The factors "Profitability and Profitability", "Capital and Liquidity" and "Fitting and Interest Sensitivity" allow us to classify and compare the performance of banking financial institutions.