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Influência da adubação na formação de grãos mocas e no tamanho de grãos de café (Coffea arabica L.)
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Objetivou-se com este trabalho, verificar o efeito da adubação na formação de grãos mocas em quatro cultivares de Coffea arabica L., bem como na classificação dos grãos por tamanho, de acordo com a retenção em peneiras com crivos de diferentes diâmetros. Os frutos foram colhidos no estádio cereja, em uma área experimental constituída de quatro cultivares de cafeeiros arábica (Catuaí Vermelho IAC-99, Icatu Amarelo IAC-3282, Rubi MG-1192 e Acaiá IAC-474-19). O ensaio 1 sempre recebeu 40% da dose de adubos recomendada para o ensaio 2; este recebeu adubação conforme a análise do solo; e o ensaio 3 sempre recebeu 1,6 vezes a dose recomendada para o ensaio 2. Em maio de 2003, foram coletados frutos de todas as parcelas experimentais, os quais foram lavados, descascados, degomados, e as sementes secadas à sombra até atingirem umidade de 12% (base úmida). Após a retirada do endocarpo, os grãos foram selecionados em peneiras e obtendo-se assim uma estimativa do tamanho dos grãos e da variação deste dentro dos diferentes níveis de adubação. O delineamento experimental empregado foi o fatorial 3 x 4 (três níveis de adubação e quatro cultivares) em delineamento inteiramente ao acaso e com quatro repetições. Em cada repetição utilizaram-se 50 gramas de grãos para cada tratamento, em que os grãos mocas foram retirados na peneira 11/64" x 3/4" (crivo oblongo) e os grãos chatos foram separados em peneiras de crivo redondo entre 22/64" a 13/64". Concluiu-se que, o nível de adubação influenciou no tamanho de “grãos chatos” das cultivares Catuaí, Icatu e Acaiá, observando-se maior proporção de grãos graúdos (peneira > 17) no nível adequado de adubação. Porém, o tamanho dos grãos do cafeeiro não depende apenas do nível de adubação, sendo influenciado por outros fatores, como o status nutricional da planta e a carga pendente de frutos. A porcentagem e o número de grãos mocas das cultivares Rubi, Icatu e Acaiá, aumentou com maior nível de adubação, e parecem relacionados a baixas concentrações foliares de Ca e P.
Four Coffea arabica L. cultivars (Catuaí vermelho IAC-99, Icatú Amarelo IAC-3282, Rubi MG-1192 and Acaiá IAC- 474-19) were investigated in an experimental area to detect possible influence of fertilization in the formation of “moca” coffee beans and beans size, this determined by their retention in sieves numbered according to the diameter of their holes. Beans were collected at “cherry” stage of maturation. Fertilizers were added in a way that essay 1 received 40% of the recommended dose for essay 2 which received fertilization according to soil analysis; and essay three which received 1.6 times the dose recommended for essay 2. The experimental scheme was a 3 X 4 factorial (three fertilization levels and four cultivars) in a completely randomized design, with four replicates. Each replicate consisted of 50 gram of grains of each treatment, in which “moca” beans were removed by 11/64" x 3/4" sieves (oblong holes). Flattened grains were separated using sieves with round holes between 22/64" and 13/64" in diameter. Grains were collected in all experimental plots during May 2003, washed, peeled and dried in shadow conditions until reaching humidity of 12% (wet base). Parchment was removed and grain size and their variation according to different levels of fertilization was recorded after sifting. It was concluded that fertilization levels influenced the size of flattened grains of cultivars Catuaí, Icatu and Acaiá, and induced a general production of a greater proportion of large grains (screen > 17) in essay 2. However, grain size is affected not only by fertilization levels, but also by other factors as plant nutritional status and the amount of standing berries on the plants in the field. The percentage and number of “moca” berries in cultivars Rubi, Icatu and Acaia increased with the increase of fertilization level (essay 3) and seems to be related to lowconcentrations of Ca and P in leaves.
Four Coffea arabica L. cultivars (Catuaí vermelho IAC-99, Icatú Amarelo IAC-3282, Rubi MG-1192 and Acaiá IAC- 474-19) were investigated in an experimental area to detect possible influence of fertilization in the formation of “moca” coffee beans and beans size, this determined by their retention in sieves numbered according to the diameter of their holes. Beans were collected at “cherry” stage of maturation. Fertilizers were added in a way that essay 1 received 40% of the recommended dose for essay 2 which received fertilization according to soil analysis; and essay three which received 1.6 times the dose recommended for essay 2. The experimental scheme was a 3 X 4 factorial (three fertilization levels and four cultivars) in a completely randomized design, with four replicates. Each replicate consisted of 50 gram of grains of each treatment, in which “moca” beans were removed by 11/64" x 3/4" sieves (oblong holes). Flattened grains were separated using sieves with round holes between 22/64" and 13/64" in diameter. Grains were collected in all experimental plots during May 2003, washed, peeled and dried in shadow conditions until reaching humidity of 12% (wet base). Parchment was removed and grain size and their variation according to different levels of fertilization was recorded after sifting. It was concluded that fertilization levels influenced the size of flattened grains of cultivars Catuaí, Icatu and Acaiá, and induced a general production of a greater proportion of large grains (screen > 17) in essay 2. However, grain size is affected not only by fertilization levels, but also by other factors as plant nutritional status and the amount of standing berries on the plants in the field. The percentage and number of “moca” berries in cultivars Rubi, Icatu and Acaia increased with the increase of fertilization level (essay 3) and seems to be related to lowconcentrations of Ca and P in leaves.
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