Cultura de tecidos vegetais aplicada ao melhoramento vegetal de arroz de terras altas

Abstract

Rice cultivation is essential for food security and the economy of developing countries. Given its relevance, biotechnological advancements, such as the application of tissue culture, have played a crucial role in improving this crop. This technique enables the development of genetically stable varieties adapted to adverse conditions, such as salinity, drought, and thermal stress, while ensuring disease-free plants and the production of secondary metabolites of pharmaceutical interest. Studies have been conducted to optimize critical steps in rice tissue culture, including callus induction, plant regeneration, and acclimatization of regenerated plants from the BRS Soberana and Douradão cultivars. Experiments evaluated factors such as proline and nitrogen doses, aiming to establish efficient protocols to overcome challenges related to genotypic variability in responses to the culture medium. These advancements contribute not only to increased productivity and rice quality but also to the crop's adaptation to climate changes and the demands of the agricultural sector.