Seletividade fisiológica de acaricidas utilizados na citricultura para Tamarixia radiata (Waterston, 1922) (Hymenoptera Eulophidae)

Abstract

Aiming to evaluate the physiological selectivity of acaricides used in citrus to Tamarixia radiata, four bioassays were carried out. In the first bioassay, adults of T. radiata were exposed to residues of compounds sprayed on leaf discs of “Cravo” lemon variety, and evaluated the residual effect of contact on the parasitoid. In the second bioassay, the parasitoid females were exposed to residues 1, 3, 10, 17, 24 and 33 days after spraying of products in seedlings of “Valencia” sweet orange variety, and assessed the persistence of harmful activity. In the third bioassay, sprouts “Cravo” lemon variety containing nymphs of Diaphorina citri were offered to the parasitoid females previously exposed to residues of the compounds, with subsequent evaluation of the effect on the parasitism and emergence of parasitoids. In the fourth bioassay, pupae of T. radiata were treated with the products via spraying. Due to the residual effect and persistence of acaricides on T. radiata, these compounds were grouped in classes according to IOBC toxicity, and the data were also subjected to analysis using generalized linear models. It was concluded that the acaricides Cascade® 100, Micromite® 240 SC, Envidor®, Borneo®, Dicofol®, Torque® 500 SC, Sanmite®, Omite® 720 EC, Ortus® 50 SC and Savey® WP were selective for T. radiata and thus can be recommended in integrated management programs of D. citri in citrus aiming at the preservation of this parasitoid. To the acaricides Actara® 250 WG, Vertimec® 18 EC, Kumulus® DF, Marshal Star®, Ortus® 50 SC, Rufast® 50 SC, Talstar® 100 SC, Danimen® 300 EC and Omite® 720 EC new tests under greenhouse and field conditions are needed to prove its toxicity or not to T. radiata.