Fenologia, produção e qualidade dos frutos de cultivares e seleções de pessegueiro na Serra da Mantiqueira

Abstract

Understanding the behaviors of a culture in a given region determines the success of the production and quality of your final product. Within this context, this study aimed to assess the phenology, production and fruit quality of the fruits of seventeen peach cultivars and selections (‘BRS Libra’, ‘Bolinha’, ‘Fla 88-13’, ‘Ouro Mel - 2’, ‘Aurora - 1’, ‘Jade’, ‘Aztec Gold’, ‘Tropical Beauty’, ‘Sensação’, ‘Chimarrita’, ‘Diamante’, ‘Maciel’, Conserva 1122, Cascata 1015, Conserva 1050, Conserva 693 and Cascata 1056), grafted onto the rootstock Okinawa, grown in an experimental area without irrigation and conducted in 6.0 m x 4.0 m spacing. The experimental design was randomized blocks in factorial time split plot (cultivar and selection), divided into four blocks and two plants per experimental unit. The present study was performed between the years of 2006 and 2011, at the Fazenda Experimental da EPAMIG in the city of Maria da Fé - MG and the analysis performed in the Department of Agriculture of UFLA, in the fruit culture sector. The evaluations were performed in three production cycles (2009, 2010 and 2011), analyzing the productive cycles, production and fruit quality attributes. Bolinha’, Cascata 1015, ‘Ouromel – 2’, Conserva 1050 and ‘Tropical Beauty’ cultivars and selections did not present production alternation. While ‘Ouromel – 2’, Conserva 1050 and ‘Tropical Beauty’ presented higher productivity, with harvesting around 13/10 and 16/11. The Ouromel – 2 cultivar presented fruit quality attributes most suitable for the fresh market, with lower acidity, good pulp firmness and the highest value of soluble solids. Maciel cultivar may also be indicated for the fresh market for presenting larger fruits and good productivity. Conserva 1050 selection is a good option for processing and ‘Tropical Beauty’, for double finality.