Suplementação com n-carbamilglutamato em ruminantes: revisão sobre seu potencial na redução do estresse térmico e emissões de gases de efeito estufa

Abstract

This thesis reviews the effects of N-carbamylglutamate (NCG) supplementation in dairy cows subjected to heat stress, focusing on reducing heat stress, metabolic effects, and methane production. The research highlights the growing concern regarding climate change and greenhouse gas emissions, especially methane, whose origin in livestock activity is significant in Brazil. The study shows that heat stress, aggravated by global warming, compromises productive and physiological performance and animal welfare, influencing ruminal fermentation and methane emissions. NCG supplementation has demonstrated potential to improve metabolic efficiency, increase milk protein and fat production, reduce stress hormones, improve immunity, and positively alter ruminal microbiota and nutrient utilization. Despite promising evidence, further studies are still necessary to quantify the impact of NCG on reducing methane emissions during ruminal fermentation, thus contributing to more sustainable strategies in milk production in hot climate regions.