Efeito de diferentes fontes de fibra na performance e parâmetros sanguíneos de fêmeas de diferentes ordens de parto durante a gestação e lactação

Abstract

The need for increasingly efficient and sustainable production has made the swine matrix a much more productive and profitable unit. Much of this evolution was due to selection and genetic improvement and also the advancement of nutrition and understanding of the animals' needs at each stage. The negative side of all this productivity is that females are putting more effort into producing more (fetuses, colostrum, milk, temperature regulation) and responding to environmental and health challenges. Metabolic disorders related to the wear and tear of the swine matrix are increasingly significant and not only prevent the expression of its maximum genetic potential, but also reduce the retention rate of matrices in the field. Among the nutrients that can help maintain health, modulate the microbiota and reduce catabolic wear are fiber and the fibrous profile of sow diets. Therefore, the first chapter of this thesis aimed to review data from studies that supplemented different sources of fiber for primiparous and multiparous women during pregnancy and lactation and the effects on the blood parameters of these animals. In total, 246 studies were pre-selected and 6 of these were selected and had their results summarized in order to evaluate the effects of supplementation from different fiber sources on the blood parameters of primiparous and multiparous women. In short, fiber supplementation in some reproductive phase of the matrix can reduce plasma urea levels and keep albumin stable, indicating an improvement in the efficiency of protein metabolism. However, the effects on serum cholesterol vary depending on the type of fiber and its interaction with other dietary components. More studies are needed for better understanding. The composition of the fibrous content is also important in understanding impacts on sows. The objective of the study in article 2 was to evaluate the effects of supplementing different fiber sources on the performance of swine sows and their litters. 181 swine sows were used, blocked in order of birth, initial weight and backfat thickness. Separated into 3 treatments: CON (Control) with 60 females consuming natural fiber (soy hulls); ELC (eubiotic lignocellulose) with 64 matrices consuming natural fiber + synthetic fiber (25% solubility) and LC (common lignocellulose) consuming natural fiber + synthetic fiber (100% insoluble). The design used was randomized blocks. Performance parameters of the swine and piglets, body wear (fat thickness) and glycemic curve were evaluated. The inclusion of 2.5% of ELC synthetic fibers throughout the gestation phase did not affect the performance of swine sows. However, its inclusion changed the sows' blood glucose concentration to acceptable levels in the final third of pregnancy, which represents an increase in energy intake during the peripartum period. ELC eubiotic fiber can increase the number of total births and live births, as well as the number of weanlings. The inclusion of fiber in this study did not have a direct impact on the performance of females and litters, however studies with negative control (without the addition of any fibrous component) must be carried out to understand the effect of fiber alone.