tese
Emprego simultâneo dos mutantes de amadurecimento (rin e nor A) e de coloração (og C e hp) em heterozigose em genótipos de tomateiro longa-vida
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UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE LAVRAS
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Programa de Pós-Graduação
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Os alelos mutantes ripening inhibitor (rin), alcobaça (norA), high pigment (hp) e old gold-crimson (ogc) retardam o processo natural de amadurecimento e/ou alteram a pigmentação dos frutos. Foi avaliada a viabilidade do emprego simultâneo dos mutantes em heterozigose rin, norA, ogc e/ou hp em genótipos de tomateiro, utilizando dois backgrounds, visando a melhoria da qualidade póscolheita dos frutos. Foram avaliados 16 genótipos obtidos a partir do cruzamento de 8 linhagens quase isogênicas com background FloraDade que diferem entre si nos locos alcobaça, high pigment, old gold-crimson (FloraDade; TOM-596 - ogc/ogc; TOM-595 - hp/hp; TOM-588 - ogc/ogc hp/hp; TOM-559 - norA/norA; TOM-591 - norA/norA ogc/ogc; TOM-593 - norA/norA hp/hp; TOM-589 - norA/norA ogc/ogc hp/hp) e 2 linhagens portadoras do alelo rin (TOM-614, em background FloraDade, e BPX-371A pl#1, em background distinto). Foram utilizadas como testemunhas a linhagem FloraDade e o híbrido F1(FloraDade x TOM-559) -nor+/norA. Os alelos norA e rin em heterozigose, no background FloraDade, desaceleraram a taxa de perda de firmeza dos frutos, promoveram redução nos teores de licopeno e betacaroteno nos frutos maduros. Todas as combinações heterozigotas entre o mutante rin e os mutantes norA, ogc e hp incrementaram a firmeza dos frutos, nos dois backgrounds genotípicos avaliados. O efeito do genótipo rin+/rin nor+/norA sobre a firmeza dos frutos foi praticamente o somatório dos efeitos individuais dos locos rin+/rin e nor+/norA. O alelo rin mostrou-se, individualmente, mais eficiente do que norA em prolongar a firmeza dos frutos. Os genótipos ogc+/ogc e hp+/hp, juntos ou isolados incrementaram a coloração dos frutos rin+/rin, sem interferirem na firmeza, porém foram pouco capazes de acelerar a taxa de pigmentação dos frutos rin+/rin nor+/norA. O genótipo ogc+/ogc hp+/hp recuperou os teores de beta-caroteno e licopeno dos frutos rin+/rin nor+/norA maduros em background FloraDade. De maneira geral, os efeitos dos mutantes sobre as características relacionadas à produção dos frutos sofreram maior variação em função do background genotípico do que as características relacionadas à firmeza e a coloração dos frutos. Devido à excelente resposta dos genótipos portadores da combinação rin+/rin nor+/norA sobre a firmeza dos frutos, esta pode ser utilizada no desenvolvimento de híbridos longavida, contudo, buscando-se backgrounds que sofram menor prejuízo sobre a coloração dos frutos e/ou adicionando-se os mutantes ogc+/ogc e hp+/hp.
The tomato mutant genes ripening inhibitor (rin), alcobaça (norA), high pigment (hp) and old gold-crimson (ogc) either delay ripening or alter fruit pigmentation. The viability of simultaneous deployment of rin, norA, ogc and/or hp as heterozygotes in tomato genotypes in order to improve post-harvest fruit quality was assessed in two different genetic backgrounds. Sixteen hybrids were obtained among 8 near-isogenic lines in FloraDade background, differing in loci alcobaça, high pigment, old gold-crimson (FloraDade; TOM-596 - ogc/ogc; TOM-595 - hp/hp; TOM-588 - ogc/ogc hp/hp; TOM-559 - norA/norA; TOM-591 - norA/norA ogc/ogc; TOM-593 - norA/norA hp/hp; TOM-589 - norA/norA ogc/ogc hp/hp), with 2 lines homozygous for the rin allele (TOM-614, in background FloraDade, and BPX-371A pl#1, in a different genetic background). The cultivar FloraDade and the hybrid F1(FloraDade x TOM-559)- nor+/norA) were used as check treatments. The norA and the rin alleles, deployed as heterozygotes in the FloraDade background, delayed the fruit softening and reduced lycopene and beta-carotene contents of mature fruit. All heterozygous combinations between rin and the mutants norA, ogc and hp increased fruit firmness, in both hybrid backgrounds tested. The effect of the rin+/rin nor+/norA genotypes on fruit firmness was roughly the sum of the individual effects of rin+/rin and nor+/norA. The rin allele was singly more efficient than norA to keep fruit firmness. The ogc+/ogc and hp+/hp genotypes, singly or in combination, did not affect firmness in the rin+/rin genotype, but they improved fruit colour, although they were less effective in improving the rate of fruit pigmentation of the rin+/rin nor+/norA genotype. The ogc+/ogc hp+/hp genotype brought to near normal levels the beta-carotene and lycopene contents in mature rin+/rin nor+/norA fruit on the FloraDade background. Generally, the effect of the mutants upon yield-related traits was more affected by the genetic background than were the traits related to fruit firmness and colour. Due to the positive response of rin+/rin nor+/norA genotypes on fruit texture, this combination can be used in breeding for long shelf life tomatoes; however, one shall seek genotypic backgrounds where fruit colour is less adversely affect or, alternatively, one shall make use of the colour mutant heterozygotes ogc+/ogc and hp+/hp.
The tomato mutant genes ripening inhibitor (rin), alcobaça (norA), high pigment (hp) and old gold-crimson (ogc) either delay ripening or alter fruit pigmentation. The viability of simultaneous deployment of rin, norA, ogc and/or hp as heterozygotes in tomato genotypes in order to improve post-harvest fruit quality was assessed in two different genetic backgrounds. Sixteen hybrids were obtained among 8 near-isogenic lines in FloraDade background, differing in loci alcobaça, high pigment, old gold-crimson (FloraDade; TOM-596 - ogc/ogc; TOM-595 - hp/hp; TOM-588 - ogc/ogc hp/hp; TOM-559 - norA/norA; TOM-591 - norA/norA ogc/ogc; TOM-593 - norA/norA hp/hp; TOM-589 - norA/norA ogc/ogc hp/hp), with 2 lines homozygous for the rin allele (TOM-614, in background FloraDade, and BPX-371A pl#1, in a different genetic background). The cultivar FloraDade and the hybrid F1(FloraDade x TOM-559)- nor+/norA) were used as check treatments. The norA and the rin alleles, deployed as heterozygotes in the FloraDade background, delayed the fruit softening and reduced lycopene and beta-carotene contents of mature fruit. All heterozygous combinations between rin and the mutants norA, ogc and hp increased fruit firmness, in both hybrid backgrounds tested. The effect of the rin+/rin nor+/norA genotypes on fruit firmness was roughly the sum of the individual effects of rin+/rin and nor+/norA. The rin allele was singly more efficient than norA to keep fruit firmness. The ogc+/ogc and hp+/hp genotypes, singly or in combination, did not affect firmness in the rin+/rin genotype, but they improved fruit colour, although they were less effective in improving the rate of fruit pigmentation of the rin+/rin nor+/norA genotype. The ogc+/ogc hp+/hp genotype brought to near normal levels the beta-carotene and lycopene contents in mature rin+/rin nor+/norA fruit on the FloraDade background. Generally, the effect of the mutants upon yield-related traits was more affected by the genetic background than were the traits related to fruit firmness and colour. Due to the positive response of rin+/rin nor+/norA genotypes on fruit texture, this combination can be used in breeding for long shelf life tomatoes; however, one shall seek genotypic backgrounds where fruit colour is less adversely affect or, alternatively, one shall make use of the colour mutant heterozygotes ogc+/ogc and hp+/hp.
Abstract
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Área de concentração
Genética e Melhoramento de Plantas
Linha de pesquisa
Agência de desenvolvimento
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FARIA, M. V. Emprego simultâneo dos mutantes de amadurecimento (rin e norA) e de coloração (ogc e hp) em heterozigose em genótipos de tomateiro longa-vida. 2004. 96 p. Tese (Doutorado em Genética e Melhoramento de Plantas)-Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, 2004.