Da experiência de satisfação à inscrição no simbólico: o conceito de desejo entre sigmund Freud e Jacques Lacan

Abstract

This research aims to understand why the notion of desire in Lacan requires a new conceptualization and to identify the foundations that justify this reformulation. Centered on the primacy of language, the study focuses on the development that Lacan brings to the concept of unconscious, addressing the three registers of experience proposed by the psychoanalyst—Imaginary, Symbolic, and Real—as well as the distinction between need, demand, and desire, the latter being structured as an effect of symbolic lack. By emphasizing the impossibility of fulfilling desire, the research seeks to demonstrate how Lacan advances his approach to the concept of desire through the idea of a structural gap in language. The first chapter examines Freud’s definition of desire, highlighting its connection to the experience of satisfaction and the dynamics of the unconscious in his first theory of the psychic apparatus. The second chapter explores Lacan’s construction of the concept of desire, emphasizing the role of language and the differentiation between need, demand, and desire. The third chapter further distinguishes between the Freudian and Lacanian conceptions of unconscious, addressing symbolic castration, the paternal function, and the concepts of das Ding and object a, which are fundamental to understanding the continuous movement of desire in relation to fantasy.