Efeitos da Administração de Ácido Húmico sobre o osso alveolar e integridade Renal e Hepática de Ratos com doença Periodontal induzida

Abstract

Periodontitis causes the destruction of tooth-supporting tissues through a low-grade inflammatory response induced by biofilm accumulation, which can increase the risk of comorbidities. Humic acids (HA) stand out as potential therapeutic agents due to their anti-inflammatory properties. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of different HA doses on PD progression in an experimental model. To this end, 54 Wistar rats were divided into six groups (n = 8 each): control, PD, PD + 40 mg/kg HA, PD + 80 mg/kg HA, PD + 160 mg/kg HA, and PD + 320 mg/kg HA. HA, derived from vermicompost, was administered daily via gavage for 28 days, with PD induced by ligature on the 14th day. After euthanasia, mandibular samples were analyzed histomorphometrically to assess alveolar bone loss (ABL) and osteocyte density (OD). The topography of the alveolar bone and its elemental composition were examined using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) coupled with Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS). Liver and kidney tissues were evaluated histopathologically. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and Duncan’s test. Animals treated with HA exhibited a reduction in epithelial attachment loss, ABL, and the number and diameter of bone pores, as well as an increase in OD compared to the PD group. Renal lesions observed in PD were mitigated with HA doses of 40 and 80 mg/kg. Therefore, HA treatment improves bone integrity and, at lower doses, reduces PD-induced renal lesions.