Efeitos dos extrativos e cinzas na resistência natural de quatro madeiras a cupins xilófagos

Abstract

This study tested the natural resistance of wood of four tree species to Nasutitermes corniger Motsch. xylophogoustermite attack and correlate the resistance with the amount of extract and ash in the chemical composition of the tested species. The species evaluated were Anadenanthera colubrina (Vell.) Brenan. var. cebil (Gris.) Alts., Tabebuia aurea (Mart.) Bureau., Amburana cearensis (Allem.) A.C.Sm. and Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh. Test samples with dimensions of 2.00 x 10.16 x 0.64 cm (radial x longitudinal x tangential) were obtained at two positions (external heartwood and sapwood) of each species. The samples were exposed to action of termites for 45 days in food preference assay. The content of wood extractives was obtained through the sawdust that went through sieve of 40 mesh and were retained in the 60 mesh. The natural resistance was not associated with wood extractive contents. The wood more resistant to termite attack was the Anadenanthera colubrina var. cebil in the two positions (external heartwood and sapwood) and Eucalyptus camaldulensis wood presented the greatest wear. The biological resistance of wood was correlated with ash content, i.e., the species with the highest levels was the most resistant to termite attack.