dissertação
Unidades combinadas RAFA-SAC para tratamento de água residuária de suinocultura
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UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE LAVRAS
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Programa de Pós-Graduação
DEG - Programa de Pós-graduação
Agência de fomento
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG)
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
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Na pecuária brasileira tem se destacado a suinocultura, cuja produção de carne foi apontada como a terceira maior do mundo, e como contrapartida os sistemas produtivos são, potencialmente, poluidores ao ambiente. Os sistemas anaeróbios têm sido utilizados para tratamento de água residuária suinícola, necessitando de complementação para diminuir as cargas de nutrientes e reúso agrícola. Neste trabalho avaliou-se o efeito combinado de duas unidades de tratamento na remoção de matéria orgânica, na forma de demanda química de oxigênio (DQO), nitrogênio total Kjeldahl (NTK), fósforo total (PT) e coliformes termotolerantes, sendo um reator anaeróbio de manta de lodo e fluxo ascendente tipo RAFA com volume útil de 96 L, seguido de um sistema alagado construído (SAC) com capacidade para 237 L. O experimento foi conduzido em três fases, variando o tempo de detenção hidráulica (TDH) no reator anaeróbio de 59 h, 19,5 h e 5 h, e no SAC 146 h, 48 h e 13 h, respectivamente, nas fases 1, 2 e 3. A carga orgânica volumétrica (COV) aplicada foi de 1,2, 1,3 e 13,0 kg m-3 d-1 de DQO no RAFA e as taxas de aplicação superficial (TAS) no SAC foram de 120, 130 e 464 kg ha-1 d-1 de NTK e 13, 51 e 240 kg ha-1 d-1 de PT e de 850, 656 e 6335 kg ha-1 d-1 de DQO. As unidades combinadas removeram 0,07, 0,07 e 0,96 kg d-1 de DQO total e 0,03, 0,07 e 0,14 kg d-1 de DQO solúvel. Estatisticamente, as eficiências de remoção de NTK e PT no sistema foram de, aproximadamente, 35%, não havendo diferença significativa entre as fases. Porém, em termos de carga removida, houve maior remoção com o aumento da carga aplicada. Houve aumento nas concentrações de proteína bruta, NTK e PT no tecido do capim-tifton 85 com o aumento da TAS de nutrientes. Embora tenha ocorrido redução dos coliformes nas duas primeiras etapas avaliadas, os valores de coliformes presentes no efluente podem restringir a reutilização da água residuária na agricultura, necessitando, ainda, de polimento para ampliar as possibilidades de reúso. As características apresentadas pelo efluente do sistema nas diferentes fases não alcançaram os padrões ambientais para lançamento em cursos de água, dentre as variáveis avaliadas, mas seu potencial nutricional deve ser utilizado para produção agrícola.
The swine breeding has been highlighted in the Brazilian cattle breeding, on which the meat production was found to be the third major in the world. However, the production systems are potential environmental pollutant, and the anaerobic systems have been used for treatment of swine residual water, requiring complementation to reduce loads of nutrients and agricultural reuse. In this work, we assessed the associated effect of two units of treatment in removal of organic matter as chemical oxygen demand (COD), total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN), total phosphorus (TP) and thermotolerant coliforms. This was a anaerobic reactor of mud layer and RAFA type upward flow with 96 liters volume, followed by a constructed wetland system (CWS) with 237 liters capacity. The experiment was performed for three phases, with variation in the hydraulic retention time (HRT), respectively, of 59, 19.5 and 5 hours, in the anaerobic reactor, and of 146, 48 and 13 hours in the CWS. The volumetric organic loading rate (VOLR) was used, which was 1.2, 1.3, and 13.0 kg.m-3d-1 of COD in the RAFA. The surface application rates (SAR) in the CWS were 120, 130 and 464 kg.ha-1d-1 of TKN; 13, 51 and 240 kg.ha-1d-1 of TP; and 850. 656 and 6335 kg.ha-1.d-1 of COD. The associated units removed 0.07, 0.07 and 0.96 kg.d-1 of total COD and 0.03, 0.07 and 0.14 kg.d-1 of soluble COD. The removal efficiencies of TKN and TP in the system was approximately 35%, and there was no statistically significant differences among phases. However, there was greater removal with the load increase. Besides, the crude protein concentration, TKN and TP increased in Tifton 85 grass, with increase of nutrient SAR. Although there was reduction in the first two phases, the content of coliforms found in the effluent may limit the residual water reuse in the agriculture, requiring polishing to extend possibilities of reuse. Therefore, the characteristics showed by the system effluent in different phases did not reach the environmental patterns for launching into water courses, but its nutritional potential should be used for agricultural production.
The swine breeding has been highlighted in the Brazilian cattle breeding, on which the meat production was found to be the third major in the world. However, the production systems are potential environmental pollutant, and the anaerobic systems have been used for treatment of swine residual water, requiring complementation to reduce loads of nutrients and agricultural reuse. In this work, we assessed the associated effect of two units of treatment in removal of organic matter as chemical oxygen demand (COD), total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN), total phosphorus (TP) and thermotolerant coliforms. This was a anaerobic reactor of mud layer and RAFA type upward flow with 96 liters volume, followed by a constructed wetland system (CWS) with 237 liters capacity. The experiment was performed for three phases, with variation in the hydraulic retention time (HRT), respectively, of 59, 19.5 and 5 hours, in the anaerobic reactor, and of 146, 48 and 13 hours in the CWS. The volumetric organic loading rate (VOLR) was used, which was 1.2, 1.3, and 13.0 kg.m-3d-1 of COD in the RAFA. The surface application rates (SAR) in the CWS were 120, 130 and 464 kg.ha-1d-1 of TKN; 13, 51 and 240 kg.ha-1d-1 of TP; and 850. 656 and 6335 kg.ha-1.d-1 of COD. The associated units removed 0.07, 0.07 and 0.96 kg.d-1 of total COD and 0.03, 0.07 and 0.14 kg.d-1 of soluble COD. The removal efficiencies of TKN and TP in the system was approximately 35%, and there was no statistically significant differences among phases. However, there was greater removal with the load increase. Besides, the crude protein concentration, TKN and TP increased in Tifton 85 grass, with increase of nutrient SAR. Although there was reduction in the first two phases, the content of coliforms found in the effluent may limit the residual water reuse in the agriculture, requiring polishing to extend possibilities of reuse. Therefore, the characteristics showed by the system effluent in different phases did not reach the environmental patterns for launching into water courses, but its nutritional potential should be used for agricultural production.
Abstract
Descrição
Dissertação apresentada à Universidade Federal de Lavras, como parte das exigências do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Recursos Hídricos, área de concentração em Hidrologia e Saneamento Ambiental, para a obtenção do título de Mestre.
Área de concentração
Hidrologia e Saneamento Ambiental
Agência de desenvolvimento
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Marca
Objetivo
Procedência
Impacto da pesquisa
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DOI
Citação
AMORIM, F. de. Unidades combinadas RAFA-SAC para tratamento de água residuária de suinocultura. 2014. 85 p. Dissertação (Mestrado em Recursos Hídricos) - Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, 2014.