Conservação de sementes de mamona (Ricinus communis L.)

Abstract

To investigate the effect of different storage conditions on the physiological and health of castor seeds were used seeds of three cultivars, Guarani, IAC-80 and IAC-226, stored in two environments (cold storage and conventional) in three packages ( multiwall kraft paper and plastic packaging with and without vacuum to 1 atm), and also under cryopreservation (-196 ° C). Seed quality was assessed before storage and after 4, 8 and 12 months by germination test (count 7 and 14 days), emergency, health, water content and oil content. We evaluated the activities of enzymes: esterase (EST), catalase (CAT), malate dehydrogenase (MDH), alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Was detected seed dormancy, overcome by dipping in liquid nitrogen that caused the rupture of the integument. The maintenance of the physiological quality of seeds of castor bean cultivar IAC-80, IAC-226 and Guarani for 12 months is possible under the following conditions: cryopreservation (-196 ° C) as an ideal condition, in plastic or multiwall paper under refrigeration and conventional warehouses, packed in plastic bags under vacuum conditions. Regardless of the storage conditions evaluated, the oil content decreases the incidence of Aspergillus and Penicillium spp. is increased over time. The catalase enzyme stands out as a marker of the deterioration of castor seeds during storage.