dissertação
Reserva e disponibilidade de nutrientes para o eucalipto em solos do Rio Grande do Sul
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UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE LAVRAS
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Programa de Pós-Graduação
DCS - Departamento de Ciência do Solo
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Com o intuito de avaliar a reserva e a disponibilidade de nutrientes para eucalipto em diferentes ambientes de solo no Rio Grande do Sul, foram feitas análises mineralógicas e químicas e estabelecidas relações entre estes aspectos. Amostras do banco de solos do levantamento pedológico semidetalhado da unidade Guaíba (RS) foram utilizadas no estudo. As análises mineralógicas (difratometria de raios-X) foram realizadas nas frações areia e silte (método do pó) e argila (amostras orientadas). As análises químicas foram performadas na fração terra fina (< 2 mm) As análises químicas para K, Ca e Mg foram feitas pelo ataque sulfúrico 1:1 e, para os teores trocáveis, utilizou-se a extração com KCl 1 mol L-1 para Ca e Mg, e Mehlich-1 para K disponível. Para a discussão dos resultados, os solos foram separados em quatro conjuntos: solos muito arenosos, Neossolos Quartzarênicos (RQo); solos com má drenagem, Gleissolos (GM) e Planossolos Hidromórficos (SGd); solos jovens e muito jovens, bem drenados, Cambissolos (CXvd) e Neossolos Litólicos (RLd) e solos com horizonte B textural (solos maduros), bem drenados (PV e PVA). O RQo apresentou uma mineralogia muito simples, com reserva em nutrientes praticamente nula. O GM, o SGd e o PVA revelaram uma baixa reserva de nutrientes, enquanto os demais (CXvd, RLd e PV) apresentaram uma reserva considerada moderadamente boa. De maneira geral, as análises químicas referentes aos teores de Ca, Mg e K extraídos pelo ataque sulfúrico acompanharam os ambientes e subambientes de solos estratificados com base na sua posição na paisagem, mineralogia e cor. No conjunto dos dados mineralógicos e químicos avaliados e na conseqüente indicação da reserva e disponibilidade em nutrientes para as plantas de eucalipto, a classe de solo se destaca como adequada estratificadora de ambientes em nível de horto florestal, devido à substancial variabilidade pedológica observada e pequena variação climática registrada. A classe de solo deveria ser incluída nos programas de fertilização das plantas de eucalipto nestas condições subtropicais.
With the objective of evaluating the reserve and availability of nutrients for the eucalyptus in different soil environments from Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil, mineralogical and chemical analyses were performed and it were stablished relations among these aspects. Samples from the soils collection of the semi-detailed pedologic survey of the unity Guaíba (RS) were utilized in the study. The mineralogical (X-ray diffraction) analyses were performed on sand and silte (powder method) and clay (oriented samples) fractions. The chemical analyses were performed on fine earth (< 2 mm) fraction. The chemical analyses for K, Ca, and Mg were performed by sulphuric acid digestion (1:1) and for the exchangeable amounts it was utilized the 1 mol L-1 KCl extraction, and for available K it was utilized the Mehlich-1 extractant. For the data discussion, the soils were separated in four groupments: very sand soils, Quartzarenic Neosols (RQo); soils with drainage problems, Gleisols (GM) and Hidromorphic Planosols (SGd); well drained, young and very young soils, Cambisols (CXvd) and Litholic Neosols (RLd); well drained, soils with argillic horizon (mature soils) (PV and PVA). The RQo presented a very simple mineralogy, with a extremely poor nutrient reserve. The GM, SGd, and PVA revealed a low nutrient reserve, while the others (CXvd, RLd, and PV) presented a moderately good nutrient reserve. In general, the chemical analyses related to the amounts of Ca, Mg, and K extracted by sulphuric acid digestion followed the soil environments stratified with base upon their landscape position, mineralogy an color. The soil class showed to be an adequate environments stratifier at forest identification area level, due to the significant pedologic variability observed and small climatic variation registered. The soil class should be included in the fertilization programs of eucalyptus plants in the subtropical conditions.
With the objective of evaluating the reserve and availability of nutrients for the eucalyptus in different soil environments from Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil, mineralogical and chemical analyses were performed and it were stablished relations among these aspects. Samples from the soils collection of the semi-detailed pedologic survey of the unity Guaíba (RS) were utilized in the study. The mineralogical (X-ray diffraction) analyses were performed on sand and silte (powder method) and clay (oriented samples) fractions. The chemical analyses were performed on fine earth (< 2 mm) fraction. The chemical analyses for K, Ca, and Mg were performed by sulphuric acid digestion (1:1) and for the exchangeable amounts it was utilized the 1 mol L-1 KCl extraction, and for available K it was utilized the Mehlich-1 extractant. For the data discussion, the soils were separated in four groupments: very sand soils, Quartzarenic Neosols (RQo); soils with drainage problems, Gleisols (GM) and Hidromorphic Planosols (SGd); well drained, young and very young soils, Cambisols (CXvd) and Litholic Neosols (RLd); well drained, soils with argillic horizon (mature soils) (PV and PVA). The RQo presented a very simple mineralogy, with a extremely poor nutrient reserve. The GM, SGd, and PVA revealed a low nutrient reserve, while the others (CXvd, RLd, and PV) presented a moderately good nutrient reserve. In general, the chemical analyses related to the amounts of Ca, Mg, and K extracted by sulphuric acid digestion followed the soil environments stratified with base upon their landscape position, mineralogy an color. The soil class showed to be an adequate environments stratifier at forest identification area level, due to the significant pedologic variability observed and small climatic variation registered. The soil class should be included in the fertilization programs of eucalyptus plants in the subtropical conditions.
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Solos e Nutrição de Plantas
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CASTRO, P. de P. Reserva e disponibilidade de nutrientes para o eucalipto em solos do Rio Grande do Sul. 2006. 63 p. Dissertação (Mestrado em Agronomia)-Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, 2006.