dissertação
Adição de cal sobre a cana-de-açúcar: perda de nutrientes e digestibilidade
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UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE LAVRAS
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Programa de Pós-Graduação
DZO - Departamento de Zootecnia
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A cana-de-açúcar é um alimento de alta capacidade de produção de matéria seca por hectare, alto conteúdo energético por unidade de matéria seca produzida. Mas, esse potencial é limitado pela sua baixa digestibilidade. A cal alteraria a biodegradabilidade da fibra da cana-de-açúcar. O objetivo deste trabalho foi definir o tempo ótimo de contato da cana-de-açúcar fresca com 1% de cal, para que seja observada melhora da digestibilidade ruminal da matéria seca e da fibra em detergente neutro. Uma amostra de cana-de-açúcar foi colhida na tarde do dia anterior e moída (manualmente) em picadora de forragem estacionária às seis horas da manhã do dia seguinte (dia experimental). Metade da forragem foi mantida fresca (in natura) e metade foi tratada com 1% da matéria natural de cal micropulverizada diluída em água. Os tempos de amostragem, além do tempo zero, foram de 6 em 6 horas até 120 horas após a moagem. Uma segunda rodada experimental foi colhida na manhã do dia experimental, moída às seis horas da tarde do mesmo dia e amostrada nos mesmos tempos (da primeira rodada) após a moagem. Independente do tempo e do tratamento, a cana-de-açúcar moída à tarde perdeu menos matéria seca que a cana-de-açúcar moída pela manhã. A cana-de-açúcar fresca apresentou maior digestibilidade da matéria seca em 24 horas que a cana-de-açúcar hidrolisada com o passar do tempo. A cana-de-açúcar moída à tarde mantida fresca apresentou a melhor média de matéria seca a 55ºC, fibra em detergente neutro e matéria seca não fibra em detergente neutro, diferença de temperatura, digestibilidade da matéria seca em 24 horas e digestibilidade da fibra em detergente neutro em 24 horas. A menor perda de matéria seca em fibra em detergente neutro ocorreu na cana-de-açúcar moída pela manhã. A maior digestibilidade da matéria seca em fibra em detergente neutro ocorreu com a cana-de-açúcar fresca pela manhã. A cana-de-açúcar fresca moída à tarde foi a melhor na maioria das variáveis.
Sugar cane is a feedstuff with high dry matter production capacity per hectare, high energetic content per unit of dry matter produced. Such potential, however, is limited by its low digestibility. Alkalinizing agents, such as quicklime, are used to maintain the sugar cane nutritional qualities for a few hours or even days without the need to harvest it daily, besides improving its fibrous portion, leading to an increase in animal intake. Quicklime would alter the biodegradability of sugar cane fiber. The objective was to define the optimum time of contact between fresh sugar cane and a 1% quicklime solution in water, aiming to improve dry matter ruminal digestibility and neutral detergent fiber (NDF). On a first experimental round, a large sugar cane sample was collected manually in the afternoon and chopped at 6:00 AM of the ensuing day. Half of the sample was kept fresh (in natura) and half treated with the quicklime solution by micro-pulverization. From each originally treated sample, twenty one sub-samples were collected every 6 hours, from 0 to 120 hours post chopping. On a second experimental round, the large sample was harvested in the morning, chopped at six PM and sub-samples taken as in round one. Independently of contact time and treatment, dry matter loss was lower for the sugar cane chopped in the afternoon. Dry matter digestibility at 24 hours was higher for fresh sugar cane. NDF at 96 hours was higher for hydrolyzed compared to fresh sugar cane. Dry matter content at 55oC, NDF and non-fibrous dry matter NDF, temperature difference, 24 hour-dry matter digestibility, and NDF digestibility were reduced by hydrolysis. Lower NDF losses, final temperatures and smaller digestibility residuals at 96 hours were observed in the hydrolyzed sugar cane harvested in the morning. Morning harvesting resulted in smaller NDF dry matter losses. Higher NDF dry matter digestibilities occurred in the morning harvested sugar cane. It is concluded that harvesting sugar cane in the morning and chopping it in the afternoon was the best combination for maintaining most of its qualities as feedstuff for ruminants.
Sugar cane is a feedstuff with high dry matter production capacity per hectare, high energetic content per unit of dry matter produced. Such potential, however, is limited by its low digestibility. Alkalinizing agents, such as quicklime, are used to maintain the sugar cane nutritional qualities for a few hours or even days without the need to harvest it daily, besides improving its fibrous portion, leading to an increase in animal intake. Quicklime would alter the biodegradability of sugar cane fiber. The objective was to define the optimum time of contact between fresh sugar cane and a 1% quicklime solution in water, aiming to improve dry matter ruminal digestibility and neutral detergent fiber (NDF). On a first experimental round, a large sugar cane sample was collected manually in the afternoon and chopped at 6:00 AM of the ensuing day. Half of the sample was kept fresh (in natura) and half treated with the quicklime solution by micro-pulverization. From each originally treated sample, twenty one sub-samples were collected every 6 hours, from 0 to 120 hours post chopping. On a second experimental round, the large sample was harvested in the morning, chopped at six PM and sub-samples taken as in round one. Independently of contact time and treatment, dry matter loss was lower for the sugar cane chopped in the afternoon. Dry matter digestibility at 24 hours was higher for fresh sugar cane. NDF at 96 hours was higher for hydrolyzed compared to fresh sugar cane. Dry matter content at 55oC, NDF and non-fibrous dry matter NDF, temperature difference, 24 hour-dry matter digestibility, and NDF digestibility were reduced by hydrolysis. Lower NDF losses, final temperatures and smaller digestibility residuals at 96 hours were observed in the hydrolyzed sugar cane harvested in the morning. Morning harvesting resulted in smaller NDF dry matter losses. Higher NDF dry matter digestibilities occurred in the morning harvested sugar cane. It is concluded that harvesting sugar cane in the morning and chopping it in the afternoon was the best combination for maintaining most of its qualities as feedstuff for ruminants.
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CHALFUN, L. H. L. Adição de cal sobre a cana-de-açúcar: perda de nutrientes e digestibilidade. 2008. 69 p. Dissertação (Mestrado em Zootecnia)-Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, 2008.