Associação entre insegurança alimentar, índice inflamatório da dieta e parâmetros antropométricos de risco cardiometabólico em adultos assistidos por um Banco Municipal de Alimentos em Minas Gerais

Abstract

Food insecurity (FI) is one of the main public health problems, affecting mainly households headed by Black and mixed-race women with lower levels of education. Studies indicate an association between FI and undernutrition and obesity, indicated not only by the occurrence of nutritional deficiencies, but also by alterations in dietary patterns and anthropometric parameters that increase the risk of cardiometabolic diseases. Thus, the objective of this research was to verify the association of FI with anthropometric parameters of cardiometabolic risk, such as Body Mass Index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), neck circumference (NC), waist-to-height ratio (WHR), and the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII). This is a cross-sectional study conducted with adults assisted by the Lavras Municipal Food Bank (BMAL), whose data collection was divided into two phases. In the first, the presence of FI was assessed using the Food Insecurity Risk Screening Instrument (TRIA). At the same time, socioeconomic data, anthropometric measurements, and dietary data were collected through the application of the first 24-hour dietary recall for the calculation of the IID (Inflammation Index). In the second phase, another 24-hour recall was applied. For statistical analysis, the JAMOVI software version 2.6.44 was used, in which the variables were tested for normality using the Shapiro-Wilk test. For statistical differences, the T-test was used for parametric samples and the Mann-Whitney test for non-parametric samples in quantitative variables. The Chi-square test was applied to test the association between categorical variables, and different statistical approaches were used to test the association between IA (Inflammation Index) and the inflammation score, including association tests, rank correlation, and multivariate regression models, with a significance level of 5% and a 95% confidence interval. It was found that the population assisted by BMAL was predominantly female 82.3% (n=79), of African descent 87.4% (n=76), with a median age of 31 years, with an income below one minimum wage 66.7% (n=50), and at risk of food insecurity 70.8% (n=68). Furthermore, 53.8% (n=48) showed a BMI indicating overweight, 58.1% (n=54) were at risk of cardiometabolic diseases for waist circumference, 60.2% (n=56) for chest circumference, and 60.4% (n=55) for waist-to-height ratio. No continuous anthropometric measure showed a significant association with the risk of food insecurity. In addition, the results were consistent in not showing statistical significance in food insecurity and weight-related diseases, indicating independence between the variables in the studied sample. Thus, it can be stated that there was no significant association between the risk of food intolerance and anthropometric parameters, nor even with dietary profile, probably because this is a population that is part of a municipal assistance program and, therefore, in a state of socioeconomic vulnerability. Therefore, when considering the nutritional status of the population assisted by the BMAL (Basic Health Unit), it is necessary to maintain assistance to families registered with the BMAL, considering the intersectionality in improving dietary patterns and preventing NCDs (Non-Communicable Diseases).