Consumo de ácidos graxos n-3 e função renal: indicativos de efeitos protetores em situações patológicas

Abstract

Consumption of high n-6/n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) ratio promotes elevated concentration of potential proinflammatory, thrombotic and aggregation mediators. These effects are distinct from the actions of n-3 metabolites. Recent studies, in animal and human carrying diseases, investigated the supplementation n-3 PUFA as modulators of renal function. Kidneys function can often be altered in inflammatory diseases. In animals, the supplementation with n-3 PUFA prevented development of renal disease in type II diabetic rats, improved cachectic state and renal parameters in tumorbearing rats and positively modulated serum lipid profiles in spontaneous hypertensive and in type II diabetic rats. In humans, supplementation with fish oil is not completely encouraged for patients with renal diseases. However there are some evidences revealing that dialysis patients presented attenuation in dyslipidemia after n-3 consumption. This specific effect might potentially prevent cardiovascular changes, which are common in these patients. As some studies using n-3 reported positives changes or suggested improvement of kidney function during illness, research aiming to identify action mechanisms and applicability to several diseases states should be encouraged. In this review potential evidences and mechanisms regarding n-3 PUFA and disease-modified renal function modulation are discussed.