Discursos de culpabilização da mulher vítima de violência: uma análise dialógica

Abstract

Rape culture can be understood as a set of social practices and representations expressed through discourses that, explicitly or implicitly, naturalize, justify, or minimize sexual violence against women. These discursive practices also tend to blame and silence victims of rape, contributing to the impunity of perpetrators and to the potential recurrence of this heinous crime. Grounded in the theoretical framework of Mikhail Bakhtin and the scholars of the Bakhtin Circle, especially Valentin Volóchinov, this dissertation proposes a discursive and dialogic analysis of utterances that blame women who are victims of rape, with emphasis on discourses circulated on social media. Based on the concept of language as a social and ideological practice, this research seeks to understand how such discourses are constructed, legitimized, and disseminated, contributing to the maintenance of rape culture and the perpetuation of gender-based violence. Considering discourse as the materialization of social, ideological, and historical relations, the study analyzes victim-blaming as a discursive effect that shifts responsibility from the perpetrator to the woman, placing her under constant surveillance, suspicion, and social judgment. The corpus of this research consists of utterances posted on the YouTube platform, referring to an alleged case of rape that occurred during a television program involving the guest Otávio Mesquita and the then stage assistant, Juliana Oliveira. These utterances are examined from the perspective of Dialogic Discourse Analysis (DDA), considering the tensions between voices that sustain victim-blaming and those that oppose it, promoting empathy and support. A bibliographical and qualitative methodological approach was adopted because the phenomenon of victim-blaming constitutes a discursive event that is historically situated and shaped by values, ideologies, and social voices. This type of phenomenon requires interpretation rather than measurement. By understanding language as a space of ideological and social disputes, the research contributes to confronting rape culture and the discourses that support it, advocating for a form of education grounded in critical awareness and discursive consciousness as a means to denaturalize discursive practices that blame victims and exonerate aggressors.