Perspectivas de política científica e tecnológica para a cooperação governo-universidade-empresa: diferenças e possibilidades

Abstract

The aim is to discuss about the role to be played by governments, universities and industries and the policies for science and technology (PCT). Two perspectives of PCT are considered: the view Latin-American most critical, and line of action adopted in most cases known as mainstream. The goal was to provide a less polarized understanding about the subject. We used literature review as methodology. It was observed that in the Latin American perspective, the government is centralized, since he is the leader of the technological innovation process and will thus have a prominent position in relation to universities and industries. In the mainstream, we value the relationship less vertically between governments, universities and industries, since it considers the government as insufficient to generate development of mode efficient and fast, which requires more interaction with the other institutional members of the innovation system. The considerations led to the understanding that: (i) governments can guide and direct a decentralized manner without losing its ability to intervene when necessary, (ii) universities can provide cooperation with the market without affecting their autonomy, and (iii) companies may be more active in the construction of public policy and thus better contribute to socioeconomic development.