Plantas de cobertura do solo na atenuação da erosão hídrica no sul do Estado de Minas Gerais
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UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE LAVRAS
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Programa de Pós-Graduação
DCS - Programa de Pós-graduação
Agência de fomento
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
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O uso de práticas conservacionistas, como o plantio em nível, e o uso de plantas de cobertura são capazes de reduzir a magnitude dos processos erosivos, reduzindo as perdas de solo, água, nutrientes e carbono orgânico. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o potencial de três plantas de cobertura (feijão-guandu, feijão-de-porco e milheto), plantados em nível e desnível, quanto aos seus atributos fitotécnicos e índice de cobertura vegetal, com vistas ao recondicionamento químico e físico do solo e à proteção que estas plantas oferecem quanto è erosão hídrica. Também se objetivou determinar o fator cobertura e manejo do solo para as espécies vegetais citadas, bem como o fator práticas conservacionistas. O estudo foi conduzido em área experimental da Universidade Federal de Lavras, no município de Lavras – MG. A avaliação da altura das plantas foi realizada com a utilização de trena, onde foi observada a média das plantas e avaliou-se o índice de cobertura vegetal por meio de uma barra horizontal, com dezenove orifícios, colocada na diagonal sobre as plantas de cobertura. Para quantificar a massa verde delimitou-se com uma lona uma área de 3 m² onde todas as plantas situadas nessa área eram colhidas, e cortadas à altura do coleto. Para determinação da matéria seca, pesaram-se 500 g da massa verde, os quais foram desidratados em estufa até obter estabilidade do peso, determinando, assim, a produtividade de matéria seca (%). Para a determinação da densidade de plantio, fez-se a contagem de plantas em 3 metros lineares por parcela. As avaliações dos atributos químicos e físicos do solo foram realizadas em sete parcelas instaladas em campo, sendo seis delas cultivadas com plantas de cobertura e uma parcela mantida descoberta, utilizada como testemunha, sendo utilizado o delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso com três repetições. Para a quantificação das perdas de solo, água, nutrientes e carbono orgânico, utilizaram-se parcelas de 4 x 12 m em que a maior dimensão obedeceu ao sentido do declive. O plantio em nível das espécies vegetais é uma pratica recomendada. Todas as plantas de cobertura foram eficientes na melhoria dos atributos químicos e físicos do solo. O feijão-de-porco, plantado em nível, foi a planta que apresentou as menores perdas de solo, água, nutrientes e carbono orgânico, devido ao maior índice médio de cobertura do solo e maior produtividade de matéria fresca e seca
The use of conservation practices such as contour planting and the use of cover crops are capable of reducing the magnitude of erosion processes, reducing losses of soil, water, nutrients and organic carbon. The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential of three cover crops (pigeon pea, jack bean and millet) nivel and desnivel planted as to their performance properties and plant cover index with a view to the chemical and physical rebuilding of soil and to the protection that these plants offer against water erosion. It was also aimed to determine the factor soil and cover and management for the species quoted as the well the factor conservation practices. The study was conducted in experimental area of the Universidade Federal de Lavras Federal University of Lavras), in the municipality of Lavras - MG. The assessment of plant height was conducted with the use of a tape, where the mean of the plants was observed and the cover index was evaluated by means of a horizontal bar with nineteen bores, placed diagonally over the cover plants. To quantify the green mass, an area of 3 m2 was delimited by a tarpaulin, where all the plants situated in this area, were harvested and cut at the height of the girth. For the determination of the dry matter, 500 g of fresh mass were weighted, which were dried in an oven to obtain stability of the weight, determining thus the dry matter yield (%). For the determination of planting density, the counting of plants at three linear meters was done. The evaluations of the chemical and physical properties of soil were performed in seven plots established in the field, six of them being planted with cover crops and one plot kept uncovered, used as a control, the experimental design of randomized blocks with three replications being utilized. For the quantifying the loss of soil, water, nutrients and organic carbon, plots of 4 x 12 in which the largest size obeyed the direction of the largest slope. The contour planting of the plant species is a recommended practice. All cover crops were effective in improving both the chemical and physical properties of soil. The jack bean (pig bean), contour-planted, was the plant which presented the lowest losses of soil, water, nutrients and organic carbon due to the highest soil cover average index and highest fresh and dry matter yield
The use of conservation practices such as contour planting and the use of cover crops are capable of reducing the magnitude of erosion processes, reducing losses of soil, water, nutrients and organic carbon. The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential of three cover crops (pigeon pea, jack bean and millet) nivel and desnivel planted as to their performance properties and plant cover index with a view to the chemical and physical rebuilding of soil and to the protection that these plants offer against water erosion. It was also aimed to determine the factor soil and cover and management for the species quoted as the well the factor conservation practices. The study was conducted in experimental area of the Universidade Federal de Lavras Federal University of Lavras), in the municipality of Lavras - MG. The assessment of plant height was conducted with the use of a tape, where the mean of the plants was observed and the cover index was evaluated by means of a horizontal bar with nineteen bores, placed diagonally over the cover plants. To quantify the green mass, an area of 3 m2 was delimited by a tarpaulin, where all the plants situated in this area, were harvested and cut at the height of the girth. For the determination of the dry matter, 500 g of fresh mass were weighted, which were dried in an oven to obtain stability of the weight, determining thus the dry matter yield (%). For the determination of planting density, the counting of plants at three linear meters was done. The evaluations of the chemical and physical properties of soil were performed in seven plots established in the field, six of them being planted with cover crops and one plot kept uncovered, used as a control, the experimental design of randomized blocks with three replications being utilized. For the quantifying the loss of soil, water, nutrients and organic carbon, plots of 4 x 12 in which the largest size obeyed the direction of the largest slope. The contour planting of the plant species is a recommended practice. All cover crops were effective in improving both the chemical and physical properties of soil. The jack bean (pig bean), contour-planted, was the plant which presented the lowest losses of soil, water, nutrients and organic carbon due to the highest soil cover average index and highest fresh and dry matter yield
Abstract
Descrição
Dissertação apresentada à Universidade Federal de Lavras, como parte das exigências do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência do Solo, área de concentração em Recursos Ambientais e Uso da Terra, para a obtenção do título de Mestre
Área de concentração
Recursos Ambientais e Uso da Terra
Agência de desenvolvimento
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Citação
DIAS, A. C. Plantas de cobertura do solo na atenuação da erosão hídrica no sul do Estado de Minas Gerais. 2012. 111 p. Dissertação (Mestrado em Ciência do Solo) - Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, 2012.