Agrupamento de resíduos madeireiros do manejo florestal sustentável visando à geração de bioenergia

Abstract

The use of wood residues from sustainable forest management for the production of firewood and charcoal promotes the energy valorization of these materials and the supply of raw material for the second largest steel pole in Brazil, located in the Carajás region between the states of Maranhão and Pará. This study aimed to group the wood residues from sustainable forest management for the production of firewood and charcoal for steel use in Paragominas, Pará. The wood collection was randomly carried out from the residue storage area of the Charcoal Production Unit at Fazenda Rio Capim, Paragominas, Pará. Two discs were removed from the base of the tree branches of eighteen native species most commonly used in the company's charcoal production. Basic density, moisture content, maximum moisture content, ash, heating value, and energy density of wood were determined. The species grouping was performed using the principal component analysis. The species with lowest (0.221 g cm-3) and highest (0.867 g cm-3) basic density in this study were Sterculia pruriens and Pseudopiptadenia psilostachya, respectively. All species analyzed had low ash content (<3%). The higher heating value ranged from 4,457 kcal kg-1 (Sterculia pruriens) to 5,068 kcal kg-1 (Lecythis sp.). The physical characteristics of wood, moisture content and the basic density were the most important for the grouping. Group 3 (Hymenaea sp., Lecythis lurida, Eschweilera amazonica, Manilkara sp., and Terminalia sp.), in particular, were the most promising for charcoal production it grouped species with high basic density and high net heating value, as well as ash content below 1%.