dissertação
Milho duro e dentado na forma de grãos secos e silagem de grãos úmidos para leitões dos 7 aos 15kg
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UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE LAVRAS
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Programa de Pós-Graduação
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Dois experimentos foram conduzidos no Departamento de Zootecnia da Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA) com o objetivo de avaliar o valor nutricional das rações e desempenho dos leitões dos 7 aos 15 Kg, com milho duro e dentado na forma de grãos secos e silagem de grãos úmidos(SGUM). No ensaio de metabolismo 24, leitões na fase de creche (18 ± 1,5kg de PV), machos castrados mestiços (LD x LW), foram mantidos em gaiolas de metabolismo em um delineamento em blocos casualisados, fatorial (2x2) com 4 tratamentos e 6 repetições totalizando 24 parcelas. Os tratamentos consistiram de 4 rações a base de: milho dentado seco, milho duro seco, milho dentado SGUM, milho duro SGUM.Variáveis analisadas: Coeficiente de digestibilidade da matéria seca (CDMS), coeficiente de digestibilidade da proteína bruta (CDPB), energia digestível (ED), coeficiente de digestibilidade da energia bruta (CDEB), porcentagem de nitrogênio absorvido (%NABS), porcentagem de nitrogênio retido (%NRET) e porcentagem de nitrogênio retido do absorvido (%NRETABS) para as rações testadas. Não houve interação entre os tipos de milho e as formas de processamento (P>0,05), para o CDMS, CDPB, ED, CDEB, %NABS, %NRET e %NRET/ABS. Em relação CDMS, CDPB, e ED houve diferença significativa (P<0,05) para as formas de processamento, sendo a silagem superior ao seco. Em relação ao nitrogênio absorvido %NABS, houve diferenças significativas (P<0,05) entre as formas de processamento, sendo assim a SGUM foi superior ao seco. Constatou-se que o processo de ensilagem melhora a disponibilidade dos nutrientes. No ensaio de desempenho um total de 60 leitões na fase de creche com peso inicial (6,5 ± 1,5kg de PV), machos castrados mestiços (LD x LW), mantidos no galpão de creche por um período de 28 dias e distribuídos em um delineamento em blocos casualisados, em fatorial (2x2) com 4 tratamentos e 5 repetições totalizando 20 parcelas de 3 leitões. Os tratamentos consistiram de 4 rações a base de: milho dentado seco, milho duro seco, milho dentado SGUM, milho duro SGUM. Variáveis analisadas: Consumo de ração médio diário (CRMD), Ganho de peso médio (GPMD) e Conversão Alimentar (CA). Para CRMD e GPMD não houve interações nos dois períodos avaliados(1-14 e de 1-28 dias) (P>0,05). A CA não apresentou diferença significativa aos 14 dias (P>0,05), porém aos 28 dias houve diferença entre as formas de processamento(P<0,05). Os leitões que receberam rações à base de milho dentado seco, dentado e duro na forma de SGUM apresentaram melhor conversão alimentar (P<0,05) no período de 1 a 28 dias após o desmame. Conclui-se que a substituição do milho seco de diferentes texturas pela silagem de grãos úmidos melhora a digestibilidade dos nutrientes das rações, assim como, proporciona melhor conversão alimentar para leitões dos 7 aos 15 Kg.
Two experiments were conducted in the Animal Science Department of the Federal University of Lavras (UFLA) with the purpose of evaluating the nutritional value of diets and performance of the piglets from 7 to 15 Kg, on flint and dent corn as dry grains and moist grain silage (SGUM). In the metabolism trial, 24 piglets in the post-weaning phase (18 ± 1.5kg de PV), crossbred castrated males (LD x LW), were kept in metabolism cages in a randomized block design, factorial (2x2) with 4 treatments and 6 replicates, amounting to 24 plots. The treatments consisted of 4 diets based on: dry dent corn, dry flint corn, SGUM dent corn SGUM flint corn. Studied variables: coefficient of dry matter digestibility (CDMS), coefficient of crude protein digestibility (CDPB), digestible energy (ED), coefficient of gross energy digestibility (CDEB), percentage of absorbed nitrogen (%NABS), percentage of retained nitrogen (%NRET) and percentage of nitrogen retained of the absorbed one (%NRETABS) for the diets tested. There was no interaction the types of corn and the processing forms. (P>0.05) for CDMS, CDPB, ED, CDEB, %NABS, %NRET and %NRET/ABS. In relation to CDMS, CDPB and DE, there were significant differences (P<0,05) for the processing forms, the silage being superior to the dry corn. As regards the absorbed nitrogen %NABS, there were significant differences (P<0.05) between the processing forms, so, SGUM was superior to the dry corn. It was found that ensiling process improves nutrient availability. In the performance trial, a total of 60 piglets in the post-weaning phase with initial weight (6.5 ± 1.5kg de LW), castrated crossbred males (LD x LW), kept in the post-weaning building for a period of 28 days and allotted to a randomized block design, in factorial (2x2) with 4 treatments and 5 replicates, amounting to 20 plots of 3 piglets. The treatments consisted of 4 diets based on: dry dent corn, dry flint corn, SGUM dent corn SGUM flint corn. Variables studied: Daily average diet consumption (CRMD), Average weight gain (GPMD)and Feed conversion (FC). For both CRMD and GPMD, there were no interactions in the two periods evaluated (1-14 and of 1-28 days) (P>0.05). FC presented no significant differences at 14 days (P>0.05), but, at 28 days, there were differences between the processing forms (P<0.05). The piglets which were given diets based on dry dent and flint corn as SGUM presented better feed conversion (P<0.05) in the period of 1 to 28 days after weaning. It follows that diets based upon corn as SGUM provide better digestibility and feed conversion for diets based on dry dent corn, dent and flint corn as SGUM.
Two experiments were conducted in the Animal Science Department of the Federal University of Lavras (UFLA) with the purpose of evaluating the nutritional value of diets and performance of the piglets from 7 to 15 Kg, on flint and dent corn as dry grains and moist grain silage (SGUM). In the metabolism trial, 24 piglets in the post-weaning phase (18 ± 1.5kg de PV), crossbred castrated males (LD x LW), were kept in metabolism cages in a randomized block design, factorial (2x2) with 4 treatments and 6 replicates, amounting to 24 plots. The treatments consisted of 4 diets based on: dry dent corn, dry flint corn, SGUM dent corn SGUM flint corn. Studied variables: coefficient of dry matter digestibility (CDMS), coefficient of crude protein digestibility (CDPB), digestible energy (ED), coefficient of gross energy digestibility (CDEB), percentage of absorbed nitrogen (%NABS), percentage of retained nitrogen (%NRET) and percentage of nitrogen retained of the absorbed one (%NRETABS) for the diets tested. There was no interaction the types of corn and the processing forms. (P>0.05) for CDMS, CDPB, ED, CDEB, %NABS, %NRET and %NRET/ABS. In relation to CDMS, CDPB and DE, there were significant differences (P<0,05) for the processing forms, the silage being superior to the dry corn. As regards the absorbed nitrogen %NABS, there were significant differences (P<0.05) between the processing forms, so, SGUM was superior to the dry corn. It was found that ensiling process improves nutrient availability. In the performance trial, a total of 60 piglets in the post-weaning phase with initial weight (6.5 ± 1.5kg de LW), castrated crossbred males (LD x LW), kept in the post-weaning building for a period of 28 days and allotted to a randomized block design, in factorial (2x2) with 4 treatments and 5 replicates, amounting to 20 plots of 3 piglets. The treatments consisted of 4 diets based on: dry dent corn, dry flint corn, SGUM dent corn SGUM flint corn. Variables studied: Daily average diet consumption (CRMD), Average weight gain (GPMD)and Feed conversion (FC). For both CRMD and GPMD, there were no interactions in the two periods evaluated (1-14 and of 1-28 days) (P>0.05). FC presented no significant differences at 14 days (P>0.05), but, at 28 days, there were differences between the processing forms (P<0.05). The piglets which were given diets based on dry dent and flint corn as SGUM presented better feed conversion (P<0.05) in the period of 1 to 28 days after weaning. It follows that diets based upon corn as SGUM provide better digestibility and feed conversion for diets based on dry dent corn, dent and flint corn as SGUM.
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NETO, J. V. Milho duro e dentado na forma de grãos secos e silagem de grãos úmidos para leitões dos 7 aos 15 kg. 2006. 44 p. Dissertação (Mestrado em Zootecnia)-Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, 2006.