Características maternas, comportamento alimentar e imagem corporal: relação com qualidade da dieta durante a gestação

Abstract

Eating habits are built throughout life and encompass practices and beliefs established by society, groups or individuals. During pregnancy, there are countless changes that permeate a woman's life, which makes this a unique period, in which psychological, social, cultural, emotional and behavioral factors are involved. Food choices and behaviors can be influenced by these different factors. Thus, it is essential to know the habits and patterns of food consumption, as well as aspects related to behavioral factors, in order to develop strategies that elucidate care and attention in an integrative manner during the gestational period. This is an observational cross-sectional study that aims to evaluate the relationship between the quality of the diet and parameters of eating behavior, body image and pre-pregnancy anthropometric status in pregnant women living in Lavras - MG. The characteristics of eating behavior were analyzed using the Portuguese versions of the Three Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ R-21), Mindful Eating Questionnaire (MEQ-28) and Intuitive Eating Scale-2 (IES-2), body image through the Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ) and the anthropometric status through the pre-pregnancy body mass index. To assess the quality of the maternal diet, the Adapted Diet Quality Index for Brazilian Pregnant Women (IQDAG) was used. The Kruskal-Wallis statistical test was used to compare sociodemographic, obstetric and anthropometric characteristics in the different tertiles of the IQDAG. The association between diet quality, behavioral determinants and body image was analyzed using the generalized class of models for location, scale and shape (GAMLSS). A total of 163 pregnant women in different gestational trimesters were evaluated. Regression models show that determinants of eating behavior and body image can influence diet quality. Pregnant women who make choices according to how their bodies function, allowing for good body nutrition, had better diet quality (p = 0.00). On the other hand, women who are more dissatisfied with their body shape have lower scores for the final score of the IQDAG (p = 0.05). In addition, the results showed that the consumption of foods or food groups and the intake of some nutrients assessed through the IQDAG may not only be influenced by behavioral factors and body image, but also by sociodemographic and obstetric determinants, such as pre BMI - Gestational.