Análise da energia específica de corte e qualidade da superfície no aplainamento de madeiras

Abstract

In this work, it was studied how the characteristics of wood of angiosperms and gymnosperms interfere in their mechanical processing and in the quality of the surface after planing. The developed approach proposed the characterization of planing according to the parameters required by the machine: torque (Nm), mechanical power (kW), mechanical energy (J) and specific cutting energy (J.cm-3). In addition, the surface roughness, associated with the characteristics of the wood, was also analyzed. It is necessary to understand if, during planing, wood presents different behavior and why, proposing solutions so that combined planing of different species can be more efficient. The aim was to propose a model for the optimization of wood planing parameters, in order to achieve good surface quality and lower specific cutting energy consumption. Three trees of each Bertholletia excelsa and Pinus elliottii from experimental planting were used. The anatomical, physical and mechanical characteristics of the wood of the two species were determined and, later, planing was carried out with controlled advance speed, cutting speed and depth of cut. The experiment was analyzed in factorial and the proposed optimization was performed using the Taguchi method. The quality of the surface was measured by means of a rugosimeter and scanning electron microscopy images. The results allowed to conclude that the planing of the wood presented difference in the consumption of mechanical energy, of specific energy of cut, in the power and torque demanded by the motor. The surface roughness was influenced by anatomy and density. With the Taguchi method for optimization, the mathematical model was generated whose minimization leads to a reduction in the consumption of specific cutting energy. The values of the process parameters capable of reducing consumption were a feed speed of 10 m.min-1, a cutting speed of 22 m.s-1 and a depth of cut 1 mm.