Frações de carbono em topossequências de solos sob eucalipto com diferentes históricos de uso

Abstract

In Brazil, most forest stands have been planted on soils with some degree of physical, chemical or biological degradation. The protection of the trees for the soil, depending on the litter deposition, is a driving force of the restoration process of degraded areas. Since organic matter is related to many of the physical, chemical and biological soil properties, it is characterized as a key factor for the maintenance of the environmental quality of forest systems. The purpose of this study was to characterize organic matter fractions in soils with eucalyptus under minimum tillage from positions in the landscape with different histories of soil use. The study was conducted in three forest stands (FST): Terra Dura, Canafístula and Sanga das Pedras with eucalyptus in the State of Rio Grande do Sul. The soils were sampled in the layers 0-5, 5-20 and 20-40 cm. In the 0-5 cm layer of the Ultisols, most FST studied had a higher organic carbon (OC) content than in adjacent native forest. In cultivated areas, the OC storage was greatest in FST Canafístula, with, in general, lower OC levels in the footslope in relation to the other toposequence positions. In general, the humification index was greater in forests than in the crop areas, but it varied according to the soil depth, the sampled toposequence position and the FST. In the 0-5 and 5-20 cm layer, the natural abundance of 13C in FSTs was similar to the native forests, however, the 13C levels were higher in the deepest layer of the cultivated soils, indicating the contribution to soil organic matter (SOM) of C derived from the pastures that preceded eucalyptus.