Lâminas de irrigação e omissão de nutrientes no cultivo in vivo e luz e TDZ na micropropagação e constituintes voláteis de Achillea millefolium L.

Abstract

Medicinal plants are important sources of bioactive molecules and a growing interest in optimizing the cultivation system, in order to obtain productive responses appropriate and feasible. For the production of medicinal plants, it is necessary to know how the factors of cultivation (irrigation, fertilization, light) influence on the growth and production of the compounds of interest. The Achillea millefolium L. is an important medicinal plant, distributed in many countries, with anti-inflammatory properties, analgesic, soothing estrogenic and scientifically proven. The objective of the study was to evaluate growth responses and the production of volatile compounds in vivo species under different irrigation and missing element, beyond the influence of the intensity and quality of light and growth regulator TDZ in cultivation and multiplication in vitro. In all studies were evaluated growth and volatile fraction. For irrigation were applied 55, 110, 220, 440 and 880 mm of water over 110 days of cultivation, being observed that the blade estimated 606 mm provided the best growth, significant differences in the composition of the volatile fraction. For the missing element, are omitted macros (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, and S) and micronutrients (Fe, B, Zn, Mn, Mo and Cu), grown under nutrient solution for a period of cultivation 55 days. It was observed that Ca was the most limiting element for growth and that the omission of P provided the highest essential oil content. In vitro cultures were evaluated different light intensities (13.14; 27.79; 35.05; 47.03 and 69.00 μmol.m ². S-¹) and different spectrums of light (blue, red, green, white) using LED (Light Emitting Diode) and cool white fluorescent lamps. The results observed showed that the spectrum of blue color or intensity of 27.79 mol. m². s-¹ provided better survival rates, rooting and total dry matter production, better survival rates, rooting and total dry matter production. With regard to regulator TDZ were tested at concentrations of 0.0, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75 and 1.00 mg L-1, where it was observed that concentration of 0.25 mg l-1 was more suitable for in vitro propagation. Gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry identified in all experiments constituents sabinene, 1,8 cineole, borneol, β-caryophyllene and β-cubebene. Thus, the work contributes important information on the in vitro and in vivo of the species, as well as the chemical changes occurring in the volatile fraction and essential oil.