Fenologia da Siparuna guianensis Aublet em dois bosques de preservação ambiental em Cuiabá-MT

Abstract

The negramina (Siparuna guianensis Aublet) belonging to the family Siparunaceae, is a species widely used in Mato Grosso, Brazil, as a bath for treatment of flu, headache, rheumatism and “malina”, but little is known about their breeding and domestication. The objective of this study was to investigate the phenology of the species to determine the intensities of the fall foliage in the canopy, budding, flowering and fruiting in order to support the best time to collect seeds and cuttings for ex situ breeding. The phenological aspects of S. guianensis were obtained through observation biweekly 40 individuals in two areas of environmental conservation located in Cuiaba-MT, between August 2007 and July 2009. The region presents a clear seasonal climate with two distinct seasons: a dry (autumn-winter) and rainy (spring-summer), and 70% of the average annual precipitation from 1250 to 1500 mm occurs between November and March. We analyzed the activity indices, intensity and synchrony to the phenological events in relation to climatic seasonality. It was concluded that in both places the behavior of S. guianensis had similar patterns, being an evergreen species, with greater loss of leaves during the dry season, his shooting occurred throughout the year, with peak activity and intensity at the end of the rainy season, there was intense flowering in the transition between the dry and rainy, and the fruiting period occurred only during the rainy season. For the flowering phenophase there was a high synchrony between individuals from both locations. It is suggested for breeding ex situ collection of cuttings at the end of the rainy season, time of intense vegetative growth, and the seeds during the rainy season.