Caracterização da diversidade microbiológica de solo do Cerrado de Minas Gerais por eletroforese em gel de gradiente desnaturante (DGGE)

Abstract

The Cerrado is the country´s second largest biome in the area. Among the states that are part of this biome, Minas Gerais has 57% of Cerrado presenting a soil with high acidity, low fertility and with high levels of iron and aluminum. There are only a few studies on microbial diversity in Cerrado´s soil. The use of molecular techniques has frequently been employed to detect and identify microorganisms in natural environments. In this study, the microbial community present in Cerrado soil kept in different places of Minas Gerais was investigated by Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis (DGGE), followed by sequencing. Fifteen composite samples were collected during the dry season and fifteen in rainy seasons in regions of the Arcos, Passos and Luminárias. The PCR-DGGE technique was effective in detecting communities in the soil. In the bacteria genera, Bacillus, Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Pantoea, Escherichia, and Leuconostoc were found. In the fungal community, the genera Zygosaccharomyces, Candida, Cladosporium, and Lachancea were found. It was possible to verify difference between the communities according to the region of gene amplification, when using different primes, allowing greater representativeness in the community. The physicochemical parameters were not influential in the environment showing that the microorganisms Zygosaccharomyces sp., Candida sp., Lachancea meyersii, Enterobacter cowanii, Klebsiella pneumoniae were dominant in the Minas Gerais´ Cerrado. Our results are relevant for a better understanding of the microbial community in Cerrado Soil, but more studies are necessary to provide better knowledge of this community and its effect on soil.