Conservação genética de Ficus bonijesulapensis R.M. Castro em florestas deciduais sobre afloramentos calcários

Abstract

Ficus bonijesulapensis is endemic to seasonally dry forests on limestone outcrops and are arranged in disjunction areas at the Cerrado and Caatinga. Species of this genus are considered key resources in tropical forests providing food during periods of scarcity of other resources and, additionally, help in restoration of plant communities. Therefore, conservation of these species in their natural range while maintaining the structure of communities, contributes to the maintenance of the long-term population viability and their genetic diversity. We used 9 ISSR primers to analyze the diversity, structure, spatial patterns of variability and genetic discontinuities of 15 populations of F. bonijesulapensis. 75 polymorphic bands were obtained, genetic diversity (He) was 0,37 and the percentage of polymorphic loci was 100%. AMOVA showed that most of the diversity is within populations (77,18%) as expected in long lived and outcrossing plants. This may reflect the low gene flow (1,10), which is probably limited due to the isolation of the outcrops where the species occurs. Bayesian genetic structure showed that all individuals genotypes sampled can be divided into six groups. However, there isn`t a spatial pattern of genetic variability according to the multivariate correlogram and that was confirmed by Mantel´s test (r= 0.06, P=0.68). Six management units (MU) were proposed aiming to the MU´s ability to maintain minimum viable populations and greater genetic variability.