Inovações tecnológicas para produção de alho de qualidade para o mercado brasileiro

Abstract

Garlic (Allium sativum) is one of the most important crops in Brazil. The biggest problem related to the production of noble garlic is bulbification. This material needs to be submitted to vernalization processes, which favors the occurrence of lateral shoot growing. In order to reduce this anomaly, it is necessary to perform controlled nitrogen fertilization, which reduces productivity. The elephant garlic (Allium ampeloprasum L.), not produced in Brazil, is an alternative to complement the production of noble garlic, which has limitations, due to unfavorable weather conditions . The objective of this study was to verify the efficiency of slow-release nitrogen in Allium sativum and evaluate the production of Allium ampeloprasum L., submitted to different vernalization periods and different planting densities. The treatments consisted of five slow-release nitrogen doses (SRN), 100, 200, 300, 400 and 500 l ha-1, and a control containing 100 kg of N in urea, in randomized blocks with four replications. Treatments for Allium ampeloprasum were composed of five vernalization periods (40, 60, 80, 100 and 120 days) with four replications. The second experiment consisted of six plant densities: 33.3; 41.6; 27.8; 40; 50 and 62.5, with four replications. The slow-release nitrogen is an efficient nitrogen source for the vernalized garlic culture Vernalization periods superior to 40 days favor the bulbification of elephant garlic in the conditions of Southern Minas Gerais, without reducing productivity. Vernalization reduces bulb mass,, bulbil average mass, bulb dry matter and bulbils per bulb. The density of 33.3 presents the best yield averages.