Padrões de diversidade beta funcional da comunidade de Scarabaeinae em múltiplos usos da terra na Amazônia brasileira

Abstract

To verify the effects of multiple land uses in the taxonomic and functional diversity of dung beetles were utilized beta diversity indices, proposed by Baselga (2010). Thus, it was possible to define patterns and process involved in species and functional groups distributions between different land uses and in the landscape levels. Dung beetles were sampled with pitfall traps in four land uses located at Brazilian Amazon: primary forest, primary forest corridor, secondary forest and Eucalyptus plantation. Dung beetle traits used to make functional groups were: biomass, food relocation strategy, diet, dial activity and flight ability. Rare and occasional species were sequentially removed to avoid overestimated dissimilarity patterns. Taxonomic and functional beta diversity presented the same patterns in general, with βsor and βsim (turnover) increasing with the increase of land use intensity. In primary forest, functional dissimilarity presented a nestedness pattern, differing from all of the studied systems. Landscape presented the highest values of beta diversity and turnover in relation to primary forest, according to species and functional beta diversity. The removal of rare or occasional species changed the patterns of turnover and nestedness found in the corridor. The highest values of taxononomic and functional βsor and βsim in more degraded land uses are an evidence that a high dissimilarity is related to more disturbed environments. The difference in taxonomic and functional beta diversity patterns suggests the importance of using functional diversity as a complement in the studies that seek to interpret patterns of dung beetles community composition. Using information obtained in this study, it is possible to establish conservation strategies that are effective not only in maintaining species, but also ecosystem services.