Ensaios não destrutivos para avaliação da integridade de elementos estruturais de madeiras em construções históricas

Abstract

Problems related to the durability of wood are commonly found in historical buildings structures. Preservation and conservation resolutions must be adopted, in order to avoid substitutions in full, which mischaracterize buildings. This work aimed to contribute with the preservation of wood structures in buildings in the city of Tiradentes, MG. Structural elements of four buildings were evaluated: Casarão dos Moura, Museu Padre Toledo, Sobrado dos Quatro Cantos and Sobrado Ramalho. Equipments of non destructive essays were utilized in the evaluation: Stress Wave Timer, Pilodyn and resistograph. Samples of the elements were taken for analysis of density and subsequent estimation of the dynamic modulus of elasticity. The results showed that the equipments are complementary and that their data do not always correlate directly, since their principles of action are different. The major architectural problem, associated to encourage found deteriorations, was the humid internal microclimate, poorly ventilated, shaped by retaining walls of moledo and dirt floor. The absence of periodic checking of the positioning and integrity of tiles, the installation of hydraulic pipes without insulation and the presence of clothes dryer and "rubbish" in basements, contribute to the presence of water in the structures. The equipments, unknown by professionals of heritage conservation allow promising methodologies for inspection of timber structures in service. In this study, was confirmed the need for disclosure of non-destructive methods for detecting deterioration of wood in order to increase the longevity of historical heritage.